Проект системы оборотного водоснабжения для охлаждения гальванических ванн

Объект разработки: Кожухотрубчатый теплообменник. Цель работы: Рассчитать теплообменник для охлаждения оборотной воды. В ходе выполнения работы: Выполнены все необходимые расчеты для конструирования аппарата. Определены размеры и основные механические характеристики. Основные конструктивные, технологические и технико-эксплуатационные характеристики: Диаметр аппарата 159 мм, длина теплообменных труб 3 м, диаметр труб 25х2 мм, рабочее давление трубного пространства 0,2Development object: Shell and tube heat exchanger. Purpose of work: Calculate a heat exchanger for cooling the circulating water. In the course of the work: All the necessary calculations for the design of the apparatus have been completed. The dimensions and main mechanical characteristics are determined. The main design, technological and technical and operational characteristics: The diameter of the apparatus is 159 mm, the length of the heat exchange tubes is 3 m, the diameter of the tube

Economic and environmental analysis of energy efficiency measures in agriculture. Case Studies and trade offs.

This report is the result of the collaboration of the partners of the AGREE work-package “Economic and environmental analysis”, which is based on case study analyses of the partners in seven countries of the EU. The case studies show economic and environmental trade-offs in the different regions in the EU, for which each partner is responsible. Nevertheless prior to the reporting of the case studies an intensive discussion on a common methodological approach has been accomplished and applied to the case studies. The case studies show a wide range of different perspectives of energy efficiency in agriculture, but they are all based on the common methodology presented in Chapter 3. In Chapter 4, the case studies are presented, with authors indicated at the beginning of each section. Each section of Chapter 4 ends with a synthesis analysis of the results from the different case studies. Chapter 5 summarizes and concludes the report by highlighting the major findings of the analyses. The report builds upon the “State of the Art in Energy Efficiency in Europe” published separately by the AGREE consortium (Gołaszewski et al. 2012), which shows the status quo of energy use and possible energy efficiency measures in agriculture across different production systems and regions in Europe. This report presents an economic and environmental analysis based on in-depth case studies which show the potential for, and constraints on, energy efficiency measures in agriculture with respect to the specific environments in Europe

Receptor-Mediated Gonadotropin Action in Ovary

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/66088/1/j.1432-1033.1981.tb05481.x.pd

Geographic variation in plant community structure of salt marshes: species, functional and phylogenetic perspectives.

In general, community similarity is thought to decay with distance; however, this view may be complicated by the relative roles of different ecological processes at different geographical scales, and by the compositional perspective (e.g. species, functional group and phylogenetic lineage) used. Coastal salt marshes are widely distributed worldwide, but no studies have explicitly examined variation in salt marsh plant community composition across geographical scales, and from species, functional and phylogenetic perspectives. Based on studies in other ecosystems, we hypothesized that, in coastal salt marshes, community turnover would be more rapid at local versus larger geographical scales; and that community turnover patterns would diverge among compositional perspectives, with a greater distance decay at the species level than at the functional or phylogenetic levels. We tested these hypotheses in salt marshes of two regions: The southern Atlantic and Gulf Coasts of the United States. We examined the characteristics of plant community composition at each salt marsh site, how community similarity decayed with distance within individual salt marshes versus among sites in each region, and how community similarity differed among regions, using species, functional and phylogenetic perspectives. We found that results from the three compositional perspectives generally showed similar patterns: there was strong variation in community composition within individual salt marsh sites across elevation; in contrast, community similarity decayed with distance four to five orders of magnitude more slowly across sites within each region. Overall, community dissimilarity of salt marshes was lowest on the southern Atlantic Coast, intermediate on the Gulf Coast, and highest between the two regions. Our results indicated that local gradients are relatively more important than regional processes in structuring coastal salt marsh communities. Our results also suggested that in ecosystems with low species diversity, functional and phylogenetic approaches may not provide additional insight over a species-based approach