Velopharyngeal incompetence in cleft palate patients - flexible video pharyngoscopy & perceptual speech assessment.

Velopharyngeal in-competence(VPI) is a common abnormality seen in Cleft palate patients causing hyper nasal speech which is a major communicative disorder in such patients. Assessment of this VPI is complex process due the Velopharyngeal apparatus being a combination of soft palate structures that regulate the airflow from the lungs and larynx through the mouth for oral sounds through the nose for nasal sounds. The present study of perceptual speech and flexible video endoscopy in patients with cleft palate pathology indicates a co-relation between speech defect and type of VPI. In management of patients with cleft palate, it is important that surgical correction of the defect is done at the same time achieving velopharyngeal competency for speech without creating nasal airway obstruction. Velopharyngeal endoscopy with speech assessment will define the anatomic and functional bases for the velopharyngeal correction and also to plan /tailor pharyngeal flaps. This approach also appears to be a useful and necessary tool for ‘surgical feedback’. Hence a multidisciplinary approach involving Otolaryngologists / Plastic surgeons / Speech pathologists for preoperative evaluation of the defect with perceptual speech analysis and velopharyngeal endoscopy is mandatory

Near room-temperature colossal magnetodielectricity and multiglass properties in partially-disordered La2NiMnO6

We report magnetic, dielectric and magnetodielectric responses of pure monoclinic bulk phase of partially-disordered La2NiMnO6, exhibiting a spectrum of unusual properties and establish that this system intrinsically is a true multiglass with a large magnetodielectric coupling (8-20%) over a wide range of temperatures (150 - 300 K). Specifically, our results establish a unique way to obtain colossal magnetodielectricity, independent of any striction effects, by engineering the asymmetric hopping contribution to the dielectric constant via the tuning of the relative spin orientations between neighboring magnetic ions in a transition metal oxide system. We discuss the role of anti-site (Ni-Mn) disorder in emergence of these unusual properties.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, Slightly revised version of previous article in condmat: arXiv:1202.4319v

International Consensus Statement on Rhinology and Allergy: Rhinosinusitis

Background: The 5 years since the publication of the first International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis (ICAR‐RS) has witnessed foundational progress in our understanding and treatment of rhinologic disease. These advances are reflected within the more than 40 new topics covered within the ICAR‐RS‐2021 as well as updates to the original 140 topics. This executive summary consolidates the evidence‐based findings of the document. Methods: ICAR‐RS presents over 180 topics in the forms of evidence‐based reviews with recommendations (EBRRs), evidence‐based reviews, and literature reviews. The highest grade structured recommendations of the EBRR sections are summarized in this executive summary. Results: ICAR‐RS‐2021 covers 22 topics regarding the medical management of RS, which are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Additionally, 4 topics regarding the surgical management of RS are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Finally, a comprehensive evidence‐based management algorithm is provided. Conclusion: This ICAR‐RS‐2021 executive summary provides a compilation of the evidence‐based recommendations for medical and surgical treatment of the most common forms of RS

A Reclusive Foreign Body in the Airway: A Case Report and a Literature Review

A foreign body in the larynx is an airway emergency that requires urgent evaluation and treatment. Irregular foreign bodies tend to orient in a sagittal plane and may produce only partial obstruction, allowing adequate air movement, hence making them undetectable for a long period of time. We report a case of a laryngotracheal foreign body that remained reclusive for 9 years