A retrospective study to assess incidence of ectopic pregnancies in Saveetha Medical College and Hospital

Background: Ectopic pregnancy is an acute abdominal emergency causing maternal morbidity and mortality. The overall incidence of ectopic pregnancy is increasing in recent times but due to early diagnosis and management the case fatality rate has reduced. Aim of the study is to determine the incidence of ectopic pregnancies in Saveetha hospital and find out common risk factors.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted by analysing the medical records of the patients admitted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology for 4 years from January 2015 to 2019 at Saveetha hospital, Chennai. The number of ectopic pregnancies out of the total pregnancies and the risk factors causing the ectopic pregnancies were analysed based on case sheets by simple descriptive statistics and percentage method.Result: Incidence was 3% or 30/1000 deliveries. The common age group was between 18 to 38 years. Mean age of ectopic pregnancy was 27.42 years. Risk factors were tubal ligation surgeries- 39.3%, Intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUCD)-19.6%, Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)-16.1%, infertility and ovulation induction-10.7%, previous ectopic pregnancy and use of Oral contraceptive pills (OCP)-5.4% and previous induced abortions-3.6%.Conclusion: Incidence of ectopic pregnancy is still remaining on the significant numbers. It can be diagnosed early by keeping a high index of suspicion. Tubectomy and other surgeries should be done with proper care. Education regarding safe abortion, unsupervised usage of OCP and risk of ovulation induction to avoid ectopic pregnancies

Antifungal activity of Ventilago maderspatana on Trichophyton rubrum - An in vitro study

The aim of the study was to contribute a single drug for specific dermatophyte species to encourage diagnosis specific treatment. The study had two arms one clinical part consisting of cross-sectional study of 80 participants and other part invitro study. The survey was conducted to know the prevalence of dermatophyte species among cutaneous dermatophytosis patients in Kottakkal population there by collecting the skin scrapings of the patients. As the second part of the study these skin scrapings were cultured in sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) and the species were inoculated from their and identified. Thus from 80 participants 2-genus and 6 different species were obtained. Trichophyton and microsporum were the genus and among Trichophyton 4 species like T.rubrum, T.mentagrophytes, T.tonsurans and T.verrucossum and Microsporum genus consists of M.canis and Microsporumaudouinii. First MIC was calculated and after that antifungal activity was done through the agar well diffusion method using ventilago maderaspattana extracts against fluconazole. Three different extracts were used chloroform, methanol and ethanol. In this article the action of easily available low polarity chloroform extract against the most prevalent species T. rubrum is highlighted because it shows the highest mean zone of inhibition in agar well diffusion method

A survey on functioning of male and female with migraine

Migraines are severe, recurring, and painful headaches. The extreme pain have that migraines cause can last for hours or even days. Migraines can follow an aura of sensory disturbances followed by a severe headache that often appears on one side of the head. Objective of the study include; To find out whether male and female are more prone to develop migraine, To evaluate which triggering factors contributes to migraine and To evaluate the people taking OTC for migraine. A Prospective survey will be carried out in 75 peoples using the information’s gathered from students in Pharmacy colleges in Trivandrum. This study provides the prevalence of migraine headache. Past history, medication usage, diagnosis, treatment, triggering factors, physical and intellectual activities was collected, analysed properly and response is recorded. These collected data will be subjected to statistical analysis. In the current research, a survey on functioning of male and female with migraine was formulated. Among the respondents about 18-35 age group is commonly affected migraine with 98.7%(n=74). Approximately, 63.5%(n=47) female are affected with migraine than 36.5%(n=27) male. About 11.16%(n=8) of patients taken prescription drugs and 52.2%(n=48) are taken over-the-counter medicines. Migraine worsened in 77.20%(n=48) patients with stress, 50%(n=33) bright sunshine, 33.30%(n=22)  loud noise and others have air travel, fatigue, certain smells and perfume. The goal of management is to reduce frequency and severity of episodes in males and females. Also limit the impact of this chronic pain condition

Prevalence, pattern and management of tonsilitis in students-an online survey

Tonsillitis is inflammation of the tonsils, two oval-shaped pads of tissue at the back of the throat-one tonsil on each side. Signs and symptoms of tonsillitis include swollen tonsils, sore throat, difficulty swallowing and tender lymph nodes on the sides of the neck. The objective of the study is to study the prevalence of tonsillitis in adults, to evaluate which triggering factors contributes to tonsillitis and to evaluate the treatment strategy for tonsillitis. A Prospective survey will be carried out in 49 peoples using the information's gathered from students in Pharmacy colleges in Trivandrum. This study provides the prevalence of tonsillitis. Past history, medication usage, diagnosis, treatment and triggering factors was collected and analyzed properly. Also response is recorded. In the current research, a survey on prevalence of tonsillitis in adults was formulated .Approximately, 77% female are affected with tonsillitis than 22.9% of male. Among the responders, 75% have tonsillitis and remaining 25% not. About 13% of patients taken self medication, 47.8% consulting physician and 41% are taken home remedies. From this study, most of the responders were satisfied with OTC medicines and home remedies and recurrent attack of tonsillitis are increasing day by day to abolish Tonsillitis, to reduce the frequency and severity of recurrent throat infections to improve general well-being, behavior, and educational achievement with minimal adverse effects.    &nbsp

Prevalence of breathing difficulty and evaluating the use of inhaler among public in rural area

Asthma and COPD are common diseases of the airways and lungs that have a major impact on the health of the population. Major limitation to the effective use of inhaled medications is the inability of many patients to use various inhaler devices correctly. Patients require appropriate education in the correct handling of inhaled medications. Objective of the study is the prevalence of breathing difficulty and evaluating the use of inhaler among public in rural area. Methodology includes a cross sectional questionnaire study carried out among 35 people in rural area. The study is mainly based on the use of inhaler techniques among peoples leave in a particular locality and taken there duration of disease, medications, frequency of using the inhaler to determine the correct way of using the inhaler. Result includes about 35 patients were responded. Among them 36.5% were female patients and 23.5% were males. Most of the patients have asthma 24%. most often people have correct knowledge about inhaler use. 59.3% people using meter dose inhaler and 37% people use rotahaler. about 63% people use inhaler whenever necessary, 25.9% people use inhaler twice a day, 3.7% use after a long journey and 7.4% use all of the above. The opportunity for technological innovation and educational interventions to reduce errors is highlighted, as well as the specific challenges faced by children

Leveraging technology-driven strategies to untangle omics big data: circumventing roadblocks in clinical facets of oral cancer

Oral cancer is one of the 19most rapidly progressing cancers associated with significant mortality, owing to its extreme degree of invasiveness and aggressive inclination. The early occurrences of this cancer can be clinically deceiving leading to a poor overall survival rate. The primary concerns from a clinical perspective include delayed diagnosis, rapid disease progression, resistance to various chemotherapeutic regimens, and aggressive metastasis, which collectively pose a substantial threat to prognosis. Conventional clinical practices observed since antiquity no longer offer the best possible options to circumvent these roadblocks. The world of current cancer research has been revolutionized with the advent of state-of-the-art technology-driven strategies that offer a ray of hope in confronting said challenges by highlighting the crucial underlying molecular mechanisms and drivers. In recent years, bioinformatics and Machine Learning (ML) techniques have enhanced the possibility of early detection, evaluation of prognosis, and individualization of therapy. This review elaborates on the application of the aforesaid techniques in unraveling potential hints from omics big data to address the complexities existing in various clinical facets of oral cancer. The first section demonstrates the utilization of omics data and ML to disentangle the impediments related to diagnosis. This includes the application of technology-based strategies to optimize early detection, classification, and staging via uncovering biomarkers and molecular signatures. Furthermore, breakthrough concepts such as salivaomics-driven non-invasive biomarker discovery and omics-complemented surgical interventions are articulated in detail. In the following part, the identification of novel disease-specific targets alongside potential therapeutic agents to confront oral cancer via omics-based methodologies is presented. Additionally, a special emphasis is placed on drug resistance, precision medicine, and drug repurposing. In the final section, we discuss the research approaches oriented toward unveiling the prognostic biomarkers and constructing prediction models to capture the metastatic potential of the tumors. Overall, we intend to provide a bird’s eye view of the various omics, bioinformatics, and ML approaches currently being used in oral cancer research through relevant case studies