229 research outputs found
Thermodynamics and reentrant phase transition for logarithmic nonlinear charged black holes in massive gravity
We investigate a new class of -dimensional topological black hole
solutions in the context of massive gravity and in the presence of logarithmic
nonlinear electrodynamics. Exploring higher dimensional solutions in massive
gravity coupled to nonlinear electrodynamics is motivated by holographic
hypothesis as well as string theory. We first construct exact solutions of the
field equations and then explore the behavior of the metric functions for
different values of the model parameters. We observe that our black holes admit
the multi-horizons caused by a quantum effect called anti-evaporation. Next, by
calculating the conserved and thermodynamic quantities, we obtain a generalized
Smarr formula. We find that the first law of black holes thermodynamics is
satisfied on the black hole horizon. We study thermal stability of the obtained
solutions in both canonical and grand canonical ensembles. We reveal that
depending on the model parameters, our solutions exhibit a rich variety of
phase structures. Finally, we explore, for the first time without extending
thermodynamics phase space, the critical behavior and reentrant phase
transition for black hole solutions in massive gravity theory. We realize that
there is a zeroth order phase transition for a specified range of charge value
and the system experiences a large/small/large reentrant phase transition due
to the presence of nonlinear electrodynamics.Comment: 14 pages (one column), 12 captioned figure
Classification of bianisotropic metasurfaces from reflectance and transmittance measurements
Upon using fundamental electromagnetic properties of metasurfaces we build a
platform to classify reciprocal bianisotropic metasurfaces from typical
experimental measurements and determine isotropic, anisotropic, bi-isotropic
(chiral), and bianisotropic (so-called omega) properties. We provide
experimental guidelines to identify each class by measuring macroscopic
scattering parameters, i.e., reflection and transmission coefficients upon
plane wave illumination with linear and/or circular polarization. We explicitly
provide a recipe of what metasurface properties can and cannot be inferred by
means of chosen polarization, reflection, and transmission properties. We also
clarify common confusions in the classification of anisotropic versus chiral
metasurfaces based on circular dichroism measurements presented in the recent
literature.Comment: 16 pages, 8 figures, 2 table
Tribological behaviour of AZ31 magnesium alloy reinforced by bimodal size B4C after precipitation hardening
This study investigated dry sliding wear properties of AZ31 magnesium alloy and B4C-reinforced AZ31 composites containing 5, 10, and 20 wt.% B4C with bimodal sizes under different loadings (10–80 N) at various sliding speeds (0.1–1 m/s) via the pin-on-disc configuration. Microhardness evaluations showed that when the distribution of B4C particles was uniform the hardness of the composites increased by enhancing the reinforcement content. The unreinforced alloy and the composite samples were examined to determine the wear mechanism maps and identify the dominant wear mechanisms in each wear condition and reinforcement content. For this purpose, wear rates and friction coefficients were recorded during the wear tests and worn surfaces were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry analyses. The determined wear mechanisms were abrasion, oxidation, delamination, adhesion, and plastic deformation as a result of thermal softening and melting. The wear evaluations revealed that the composites containing 5 and 10 wt.% B4C had a significantly higher wear resistance in all the conditions. However, 20 wt.% B4C/AZ31 composite had a lower resistance at high sliding speeds (0.5–1 m/s) and high loadings (40–80 N) in comparison with the unreinforced alloy. The highest wear resistance was obtained at high sliding speeds and low loadings with the domination of oxidative wear
Composition and diversity of phytoplankton from mangrove estuaries in Sarawak, Malaysia
The composition and diversity of phytoplankton were studied along with physico-chemical parameters of water of two mangrove-dominated estuaries i.e., Kuala Sibuti (KS) and Kuala Nyalau (KN), Sarawak, Malaysia. A total of 46 species of phytoplankton with the mean density of 147000 cells L-1 were recorded from KS estuary i.e., 3 species of Cyanophyceae; 22 species of Bacillariophyceae; 20 species of Dinophyceae and 1 species of Chlorophyceae. The recorded mean density of phytoplankton was 113000 cells L-1 with 33 species from 19 genera from KN estuary, in which 19 species were from Bacillariophyceae; 12 species were from Dinophyceae; 1 species was from Cyanophyceae and 1 species was from Chlorophyceae. In both the estuaries, the species composition was found to be in an order of Diatom>Dinoflagellate>Cyanophyceae>Chlorophyceae. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) revealed that the abundance of Bacillariophyceae and Dinoflagellates was influenced by salinity and conductivity along with ammonium and phosphate while the abundance of Chlorophyceae was influenced by temperature, TDS, DO and pH in KS. The influence of salinity and conductivity along with PO4 and NH4 on the abundance of Bacillariophyceae, Dinoflagellates and Chlorophyceae were observed in KN
Seasonal variation of water characteristics in Kuala Sibuti river estuary in Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia
This paper presents the water characteristics of Kuala Sibuti river estuary, which is margined by pristine mangrove forest. For this purpose, nutrients, chlorophyll a and environmental parameters were investigated for 12 months. Physical, chemical and biological parameters of this estuarine water followed a seasonal rhythm and induced by the annual cycle of the monsoon. Surface water temperature ranged from 27.4°C to 32.2°C with a wide variety of salinity from 0.70 PSU to 27.10 PSU followed by Dissolved Oxygen (DO) from 1.94 to 6.71 mg/L. The concentration of chlorophyll a was found to be varied from 0.02 to 0.16 mg/m3. Nitrate, phosphate and ammonium concentrations ranged from 0.40 to 3.53mg/L, 0.01 to 1.92 mg/L and 0.06 to 1.24 mg/L, respectively. Pearson correlation coefficients showed a significant relationship between nitrate and TDS, nitrate and pH, ammonium and salinity, temperature and salinity, temperature and TDS, phosphate and light attenuation in this estuarine environment. The estuary was found to be mesohaline in nature. Estuarine Water Quality Index (EWQI) calculated from phosphate (PO4), suspended matter (SM) and dissolved oxygen (DO) indicate very good quality (4.95). Significantly seasonal difference for salinity, water temperature and, TDS were observed probably related to tidal flow and upstream river runoff
Phytoplankton in tropical mangrove estuaries: role and interdependency
Mangrove estuaries are claimed to be productive and important breeding grounds for fishery resources. The role of particulate organic matter (POM), especially derived from decomposed litter detritus, is well documented in mangrove estuaries. However, being a primary producer, phytoplankton may play a significant role, which has not been well discussed, in governing the productivity of mangrove estuaries. Based on relevant published literature, this paper focuses on the role of phytoplankton in mangrove estuaries in the tropical coastal region and their interdependency. Analysis reveals that there are two-way interactions between phytoplankton and mangrove estuaries. The POM enriched water in mangrove estuaries acts as an ideal medium for phytoplankton succession. Simultaneously, diversified phytoplankton assemblages play a significant role in the food web of the estuarine mangrove ecosystem. Biomass and diversity of phytoplankton are influenced by nutrient and environmental parameters in mangrove estuaries and, concurrently, phytoplankton play a significant role in fish diversity and primary production in the same system. This review reveals that the inconsistent relationships between mangroves and coastal production could probably be due to the influence of seasonal changes. This paper unveils the latent potential and role of phytoplankton in tropical mangrove estuaries, which could be a source of thought for future research in this arena
Inter-linkage among some physico-chemical and biological factors in the tropical mangrove estuary
The interaction between abiotic and biotic parameters in an ecosystem usually shows health and functioning of the system. Thus, some physico-chemical parameters, phytoplankton abundance, chlorophyll a and primary production of the mangrove estuary in Sarawak, Malaysia were extensively investigated from January 2013 to December 2013 in order to establish the inter-linkage among them. The Pearson correlation coefficient revealed a significant relation between atmospheric and water temperatures (r = 0.692). Similarly, surface water temperature showed a significant positive correlation with salinity (r = 0.744), TDS (r = 0.708) and conductivity (r = 0.776). The light extinction coefficient (LEC, K) changed negatively in relation to TDS (r =-0.623), conductivity (r =-0.644) and surface water temperature (r =-0.766). Ammonium showed a negative correlation with rainfall (r =-0.620) but a positive correlation with salinity (r = 0.600). The biological variable such as phytoplankton abundance was found to be positively correlated with chlorophyll a (r = 0.692), ammonium (r = 0.645) and silica (r = 0.644) and negatively with rainfall (r =-0.644). The canonical correspondence analysis revealed a strong positive correlation between environmental parameters and phytoplankton species. The analysis of variance disclosed significant seasonal differences in salinity, water temperature, TDS, conductivity, LEC, ammonium and chlorophyll a
Body Indices and Population Dynamics of Setipinna breviceps (Cantor, 1849) from Batang Lassa Estuary, Sarawak, Malaysia
The Setipinna breviceps is a commercially important and highly esteemed food fish. This species has scant of scientific formation particularly on population parameters like growth, mortality and recruitment. The present study aimed to estimate the body indices and population parameters of Setipinna breviceps of Batang Lassa Estuary (BLE). Samples were collected between April 2019 and September 2020. A local made bag net known as Gnian (mesh size 1.25 to
4.00 cm) was used for sampling the fish. A total of 287 qualified specimens were used for this study. The length and
weight of individual fish was measured to the nearest 0.1 cm and 0.01 g, respectively. The length ranged from 5.50 to
24.00 cm and growth coefficient (b) was 2.563 (R
2 = 0.87) which clearly indicated a negative allometric growth. About 50% of individuals showed flat or slender body (Kn1) while 2.44% of fishes measured an ideal shape (Kn = 1). The parameters of growth L∞, K and ϕ’ were estimated at 24.15
cm, 0.23 yr-2 and 2.13, respectively. The estimated natural mortality and fishing mortality were 0.74 and 0.29 yr-2
, respectively and exploitation rate was 0.28. The recruitment pattern during the study was observed at two possible unequal peaks. The present study concluded that the anchovy was under exploited (E<0.5) as demonstrated by the
under-sized fishes caught with small mesh size net. However, considering the minimum lengths and length at first
catch, the BLE could be a productive nursery ground for S. breviceps. Therefore, management actions are required to
avoid juvenile catches
Biometric indices and population parameters of three polynemid fishes from Batang Lassa Estuary of East Malaysia
The length-weight relationships (LWRs), condition factor (Kn), growth, mortality
and exploitation status of three polynemid fishes, i.e., Filimanus xanthonema
(Valenciennes, 1831), Polynemus melanochir (Valenciennes, 1831) and Polynemus
paradiseus (Linnaeus, 1758) from Batang Lassa River estuary were estimated. Fish
samples were caught during April 2019 to September 2020 using the ESBN (locally
called Gnian) having 1.25 to 4.00 cm mesh size. The total length (TL) and body
weight of each individual fish was measured to the nearest 0.1 cm and 0.01 g
respectively. The growth coefficients (b) for F. xanthonema, P. melanochir and
P. paradiseus, were 2.880, 2.717 and 2.724 with the R2 values 0.956, 0.972 and 0.936
respectively. Estimated growth coefficients indicated a negative allometric growth
pattern for all three threadfin fishes. To date, information regarding length-weight
relationships for F. xanthonema and P. melanochir is insufficient whereas the
information is available for P. paradiseus. About 40–48% of fishes exhibited flat or
thin body shape (Kn 1) and only 1–3%
of fishes showed proportional body shape (Kn = 1). The growth parameters L∞, K
and ϕ’ were estimated at 15.75 cm, 0.95 yr−1 and 2.37 for F. xanthonema;
27.61 cm 0.87 yr−1 and 2.82 for P. melanochir; and 27.30 cm, 0.58 yr−1 and 2.64 for
P. paradiseus; respectively. The estimated natural mortality (M) included 2.10, 1.69
and 1.30 yr−1
; the fishing mortality (F) 0.57, 0.67 and 0.60 yr−1
; and exploitation
ratio (E) 0.21, 0.28 and 0.31 for F. xanthonema, P. melanochir and P. paradiseus
respectively. The study concluded that the stocks are still under exploitation (E < 0.5)
condition. However, the studied Batang Lassa estuary could be a potential nursery
ground considering the minimum lengths of 5.0, 3.8 and 4.0 cm for F. xanthonema,
P. melanochir and P. paradiseus respectively. Therefore, management initiatives are
needed to escape juvenile catches
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