Ion chromatography determination of anionic change in surface and ground water due to industrial effluents in Jammu (J&K), India

In present investigation of anionic (fluoride, chloride, bromide, phosphate and sulphate) change in surface and ground water due to industrial effluents by ion chromatography technique has been determined in area of Jammu using Ion-chromatograph (IC-850).Surface and ground water samples were taken before and after discharge of industrial effluents. All required standards for calibration and all the samples (water as well as industrial effluents) have been prepared by using ultra pure water obtained from M Millipore. Both the peak height (PH) and peak area (PA) were used to assess the IC signals. All the peaks for anions were clear with good resolution and there were no interactions between them. The total time for anion analysis was recorded to be about 28 minutes .Anions like fluoride exhibited drastic change in concentration in surface and ground water samples taken after discharge of industrial effluents

Carneous mole in a depressed patient: a diagnostic dilemma

Carneous mole is a pathological variant of missed abortion of a fetus less than 12 weeks. It’s medically managed by giving repeated doses of misoprostol with or without dilatation and curettage. Due to ambiguity in diagnosis and misleading clinical examination and investigations, surgical exploration was considered as the best approach. The case of carneous mole with depression is reported because of its rarity; as in this case, ammenorrhea was the only presenting complaint and all other laboratory tests, investigations and radiological report failed to detect carneous mole, which was diagnosed incidentally on exploratory laparotomy

Recurrent hydatidiform mole transformed into invasive mole with co-morbid depression- a rare case report

The gestational trophoblastic disease is a group of interrelated lesions that arise from abnormal proliferation of placental trophoblast. It comprises of hydatidiform mole (partial or complete), invasive mole, placental site trophoblastic tumor and choriocarcinoma. The occurrence of hydatidiform mole in more than two conceptions is known as recurrent hydatidiform mole. Although, its incidence is less than 2% but it may progress to invasive mole or choriocarcinoma. The case of 26-year old female is reported; she had five consecutive molar pregnancies and the sixth one developed into invasive mole with co-morbid depression that was managed by methotrexate chemotherapy, antidepressant and psychotherapy.

Venlafaxine induced hepatotoxicity in a carcinoma of breast survivor with co-morbid depression

Drug Induced Liver Injury (DILI) is one of the leading causes of liver damage worldwide and raises concerns about its prescription in lieu of the limited drug options available for the depression. Venlafaxine (VEN) is an antidepressant with dual neurotransmitter receptor modulations i.e., serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) and having an additional benefit in management of vasomotor symptoms especially in menopausal patients where hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is contraindicated. VEN induced hepatotoxicity have been reported to occur in less than 1% of patients. Until now, less than 11 cases of VEN-related liver injuries have been reported in literature. We hereby, report a rare case of VEN induced liver injury in a 40-year-old breast cancer survivor with co-morbid depression

Psychiatric morbidity in newly diagnosed carcinoma cervix and its comparison with benign condition

Background: To study the psychiatric morbidity among newly diagnosed carcinoma cervix and its comparison with benign gynaecological diseases of cervix. Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in the world and ranked first in India. It is mainly caused by sexually transmitted infection (STI) of human papilloma virus (HPV).Methods: It was an open labeled, cross-sectional and extended phase study that screened 158 patients in the age group of 18-70 years who fulfilled both inclusion and exclusion criteria and screened positive on liquid based cytology (LBC), as per guidelines of Bathesda system in Government Medical College, Patiala. 13 patients dropped out of study and finally 145 patients were enrolled. They were further divided after biopsy into two groups as per histopathological examination (HPE) i.e., Group-1, N=47 women HPE positive for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) as Cases and Group-2, N=98 HPE negative as Control Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS) was used to screen psychiatric morbidity for depression and anxiety. Whereas, severity was assessed on Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) and Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HAM-A).Results: Mean age of Group-1 was 38.45±11.22 SD years and Group-2 was 36.67±8.54 SD years. Psychiatric morbidity in Group-1 was 65.95% whereas Group-2 was 21.42%. P value obtained on comparing HADS score of two groups was significant (p <0.050). After active intervention there was a significant reduction in psychiatric morbidity of two groups (72% in Group-1 and 81.3% in Group-2).Conclusions: The study revealed that the breaking of bad news has a significant psycho-social impact on patients suffering from carcinoma cervix than benign group

Pramipexole with leuprolide: a treatment strategy for PGAD

Persistent genital arousal disorder (PGAD) is described as the spontaneous, intrusive, and unwanted genital arousal in the absence of sexual interest and desire. Whether, its etiology is central or peripheral neurovascular in nature, it is still unclear. However, patient presents with symptoms of persistent engorgement of genital erectile and vascular tissue. The majority of women report PGAD as distressing. The symptoms usually occur in females in the age group 25-58 years especially in perimenopausal phase. The case is reported of PGAD in 19-year old female who was treated successfully with Pramipexole and Leuprolide

Microinvasive squamous cell carcinoma of uterine cervix with superficial spread to endometrium: a rare case report

Microinvasive squamous cell carcinoma of uterine cervix is defined as carcinoma with invasion of less than 5 mm penetration of the stroma. The spread to uterine corpus occurs rarely, but on lateral spread it involves parametrium and deep myometrium via lymphatic dissemination. Less than 30 cases are reported in literature of superficial spread of microinvasive carcinoma of cervix. We report a case of microinvasive squamous cell carcinoma of cervix with metastasis to uterine corpus due to superficial spread

Pemphigus vulgaris in pregnancy with transient neonatal pemphigus - can psychological stress be culprit?

Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a rare life threatening, autoimmune bullous disease affecting mucous membrane and skin. Pregnancy and emotional stress may be the possible triggering factors for PV. It is a very rare phenomenon with less than 27 cases of pregnancy induced PV and only 9 cases of neonatal pemphigus reported in literature. The lesions may appear transient in neonate which resolve spontaneously over 2-3 weeks. We hereby, report a case of 26-year-old female who developed PV in second trimester of pregnancy with peripartum depression, which was managed by intravenous, oral and topical steroids and selective-serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). Furthermore, the development of transient neonatal pemphigus raises the possibility of genetic linkage from maternal to fetal transmission

Evaluation of Phytochemical, Antimicrobial, Antioxidant Activity and Cytotoxic Potentials of Agave americana

Ethnomedicinal plants are being used as a source of medicine from ancient time but they lack the proof of modern scientific evidence for their effectiveness. This study focuses on the evaluation of phytochemical, antimicrobial, antioxidant properties of one of the ethnomedicinal plant Agave americana from Dhulikhel region of Nepal. The plant extract was prepared using solvent-based warm soxhlet extraction from the leaves of the plant and antimicrobial activity against six different non-resistant clinical isolates of bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Bacillus thuringiensis, and Salmonella paratyphi) was evaluated using agar disc diffusion method along with qualitative analysis for presence/absence of phytochemicals. Antioxidant activity was measured by DPPH assay and the cytotoxicity was evaluated using MCF-7 (human breast adenocarcinoma) cancer cell. Presence of phytochemicals like alkaloids, flavonoids, reducing sugars and saponins were detected in the plant extract. The extract was found to show some level of antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Bacillus thuringiensis at 50, 100 and 200 mg/ml. The IC50 value of the extract was found to be 7.68 μg/ml. The extracts of Agave americana showed 50 % cell-death of MCF-7 in 12 h at 5 μg/ml. Although this study provided some scientific evidence for the medicinal value of Agave americana, further studies are still needed for the detailed evaluations of every molecule present in this plant along with screening in larger geographical area of Nepal

Study of In-vitro Antioxidant and Antibacterial activity of leaf extract of Azadirachta indica, and Ocimum sanctum in different organic solvents and Cow urine

Background: Neem (Azadirachta indica), Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) and Cow urine (Bos indicus) has been widely used as a therapeutic potential or additive agent in different ethnomedicinal practices as well as modern science also proved its therapeutic potential to treat various diseases and balance the body conditions. Aims: Alone study on Neem, Tulsi and Cow urine (CU) has been widely performed but this study aims to evaluate the individual as well as synergistic antioxidant and antibacterial activity of Neem, and Tulsi’s leaves extract in different organic solvents and Cow urine. Materials and Methods: Antioxidant activity was carried out by using 2,2-Diphenyl1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and the antibacterial activity was tested by the agar disc diffusion method against gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) &nbsp;and gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris and Klebsiella species) bacteria. Results: The antioxidant and antibacterial activity is concentration-dependent. The neem extract in chloroform shows the highest ZOI against S. aureus (14±2). Similarly, the neem extract in cow urine (8±0.86) and tulsi extract in methanol (8±1.04) shows the highest ZOI against E. coli. Against K. species cow urine is most effective (9±0.29) followed by neem extract in chloroform and cow urine (8±0.77). In P. vulgaris almost all sample shows ZOI around 7 mm. In synergistic antibacterial study tulsi and neem extract in cow urine shows the highest ZOI against E. coli (12±1.75) and P. vulgaris (10±1.44). The tulsi and neem extract in hexane is not effective against S. aureus and E. coli but effective in P. vulgaris and K. species (ZOI 7 mm). Tulsi and neem extract in chloroform, methanol, and cow urine show similar ZOI (9 mm). In DPPH free radical scavenging activity the methanolic extract of tulsi shows the highest inhibition of free radicle (96.35±0.001), followed by methanolic extract of neem (84.85±0.042). The fresh cow urine inhibits (25.19±0.037) followed by neem extract in chloroform (24.53±0.003), neem extract in cow urine (21.8±0.012), tulsi extract in chloroform (20.86±0.047), tulsi extract in hexane (19.5±0.031), tulsi extract in cow urine (18.33±0.023) and the least inhibition by neem extract in hexane (6.74±0.042)