455 research outputs found
An empirical investigation
Research Summary:
Prior crisisâresponse literature outlines zones of conformity (i.e., response meets stakeholder expectations), underconformity (i.e., response falls short of expectations), and overconformity (i.e., response exceeds expectations). We utilize a mixedâmethod approach to empirically test the impact of different response strategies on customers (Study 1: experiment) and investors (Study 2: event study). We not only find empirical support that a conforming strategy outperforms both nonconforming strategies concerning stakeholders' affective evaluations of reputation, but extend this proposition to stakeholders' cognitive evaluations of reputation and the financial implications for the firm. The most counterintuitive finding is that overconforming strategies result in lower firm reputation and stock returns relative to conforming strategies. Thus, exceeding stakeholder expectations during a crisis can have unintended negative consequences.
Managerial Summary:
How should firms react to product recalls? Previous research suggests that exceeding expectations of external stakeholders should have a neutral or even positive impact on firm reputation and financial performance, while falling short of expectations should have a negative impact. In this article, we test the impact of different product recall strategies. The most counterintuitive finding is that exceeding stakeholder expectations during a product crisis can have unintended negative consequences on both customers and investors
Managing customer satisfaction after a product recall: the joint role of remedy, brand equity, and severity
Firms struggle to respond to product recalls and manage post-recall customer satisfaction. In three studies, we examine the impact of firmsâ remedy choice on satisfaction and provide evidence that firmsâ post-recall remedy efforts are often not optimal. In Study 1 (field study), we estimate the longer-term effects of remedy on different satisfaction metrics and show that offering full remedy is much more important for low and high (vs. medium) brand equity firms, especially when failure severity is high. In Study 2 (experiment), we find further evidence that the positive impact of full remedy on satisfaction is moderated by brand equity in a u-shaped fashion. Finally, Study 3 (experiment) provides further evidence that the relationship between remedy and brand equity is contingent on failure severity. The findings contribute to the literature on firmsâ management of negative relationship events and provide managers with the empirically grounded 5R guidelines to make better remedy decisions in response to product recalls
Product recall effectiveness and consumersâ participation in corrective actions
Firms struggle to respond to product recalls and achieve high recall effectiveness, i.e., the percentage of affected consumers who participate in corrective actions. We present the first comprehensive study of recall effectiveness that analyzes a broader set of product categories, identifies managerially relevant drivers, outlines boundary conditions, and demonstrates the underlying psychological processes. Specifically, three studies investigate the impact of remedy choice, incident likelihood, and their interaction with firm reputation on recall effectiveness. In Study 1 (unique secondary data set), we show that remedy choice and incident likelihood each interact with the firmâs reputation to influence recall effectiveness. In two subsequent experiments, we not only test the findings of the secondary data in a causal setting but also examine the underlying psychological process. We find that offering full remedy leads to higher recall effectiveness for high reputation firms and that recall effectiveness is higher for recalls with a high incident likelihood, but only for high reputation firms. In both cases, firms not only make consumers feel like they would benefit more from participating in the recall, but they also make them feel more comfortable in their ability to participate in the recall. These nuanced findings enable us to derive actionable guidelines for firms to increase recall effectiveness
The Hydrogen Atom in Combined Electric and Magnetic Fields with Arbitrary Mutual Orientations
For the hydrogen atom in combined magnetic and electric fields we investigate
the dependence of the quantum spectra, classical dynamics, and statistical
distributions of energy levels on the mutual orientation of the two external
fields. Resonance energies and oscillator strengths are obtained by exact
diagonalization of the Hamiltonian in a complete basis set, even far above the
ionization threshold. At high excitation energies around the Stark saddle point
the eigenenergies exhibit strong level repulsions when the angle between the
fields is varied. The large avoided crossings occur between states with the
same approximately conserved principal quantum number, n, and this
intramanifold mixing of states cannot be explained, not even qualitatively, by
conventional perturbation theory. However, it is well reproduced by an extended
perturbation theory which takes into account all couplings between the angular
momentum and Runge-Lenz vector. The large avoided crossings are interpreted as
a quantum manifestation of classical intramanifold chaos. This interpretation
is supported by both classical Poincar\'e surfaces of section, which reveal a
mixed regular-chaotic intramanifold dynamics, and the statistical analysis of
nearest-neighbor-spacingComment: two-column version, 10 pages, REVTeX, 10 figures, uuencoded,
submitted to Rhys. Rev.
Wave Packet Echoes in the Motion of Trapped Atoms
We experimentally demonstrate and systematically study the stimulated revival
(echo) of motional wave packet oscillations. For this purpose, we prepare wave
packets in an optical lattice by non-adiabatically shifting the potential and
stimulate their reoccurence by a second shift after a variable time delay. This
technique, analogous to spin echoes, enables one even in the presence of strong
dephasing to determine the coherence time of the wave packets. We find that for
strongly bound atoms it is comparable to the cooling time and much longer than
the inverse of the photon scattering rate
Simple pressure-tuned FabryâPĂ©rot interferometer
A simple, compact and inexpensive pressure-tuned FabryâPĂ©rot interferometer is presented. It is used as a laser locking reference for optical frequencies where the use of an atomic reference is impractical. The scanning range is several GHz. Absolute positioning of the interferometer with an accuracy of 7âMHz7MHz rms over a range of 2âGHz2GHz is possible. The instrument is temperature stabilized and shows long-term drift of 16âMHz16MHz rms over 48âh48h.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/87892/2/033105_1.pd
Inferential considerations for low-count RNA-seq transcripts: a case study on the dominant prairie grass Andropogon gerardii
Citation: Raithel, S., Johnson, L., Galliart, M., Brown, S., Shelton, J., Herndon, N., & Bello, N. M. (2016). Inferential considerations for low-count RNA-seq transcripts: a case study on the dominant prairie grass Andropogon gerardii. Bmc Genomics, 17, 16. doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2442-7Background: Differential expression (DE) analysis of RNA-seq data still poses inferential challenges, such as handling of transcripts characterized by low expression levels. In this study, we use a plasmode-based approach to assess the relative performance of alternative inferential strategies on RNA-seq transcripts, with special emphasis on transcripts characterized by a small number of read counts, so-called low-count transcripts, as motivated by an ecological application in prairie grasses. Big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii) is a wide-ranging dominant prairie grass of ecological and agricultural importance to the US Midwest while edaphic subspecies sand bluestem (A. gerardii ssp. Hallii) grows exclusively on sand dunes. Relative to big bluestem, sand bluestem exhibits qualitative phenotypic divergence consistent with enhanced drought tolerance, plausibly associated with transcripts of low expression levels. Our dataset consists of RNA-seq read counts for 25,582 transcripts (60 % of which are classified as low-count) collected from leaf tissue of individual plants of big bluestem (n = 4) and sand bluestem (n = 4). Focused on low-count transcripts, we compare alternative ad-hoc data filtering techniques commonly used in RNA-seq pipelines and assess the inferential performance of recently developed statistical methods for DE analysis, namely DESeq2 and edgeR robust. These methods attempt to overcome the inherently noisy behavior of low-count transcripts by either shrinkage or differential weighting of observations, respectively. Results: Both DE methods seemed to properly control family-wise type 1 error on low-count transcripts, whereas edgeR robust showed greater power and DESeq2 showed greater precision and accuracy. However, specification of the degree of freedom parameter under edgeR robust had a non-trivial impact on inference and should be handled carefully. When properly specified, both DE methods showed overall promising inferential performance on low-count transcripts, suggesting that ad-hoc data filtering steps at arbitrary expression thresholds may be unnecessary. A note of caution is in order regarding the approximate nature of DE tests under both methods. Conclusions: Practical recommendations for DE inference are provided when low-count RNA-seq transcripts are of interest, as is the case in the comparison of subspecies of bluestem grasses. Insights from this study may also be relevant to other applications focused on transcripts of low expression levels
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