Perceiving the Value of Business Planning

The value of business planning has been subject to much controversy over the past years. In-deed, there appears to be an escalation in empirical research, with opposing implications and diverging approaches to teaching entrepreneurship. Most empirical studies have taken an ex-post, comparative view of the relationship between planning and performance. In this paper, we introduce an ex-ante perspective by formally characterizing the decision of the nascent entrepreneur whether or not to start a business and whether or not to plan beforehand. We focus on the evaluative function of business planning, define the information value of busi-ness planning, identify its influencing factors, and show how costs of business planning de-termine the quality of planning. We find as the crucial aspect of good evaluative business planning that it helps to identify and to sort out poor business ideas before they reach the mar-ket. We contrast our results with conclusions drawn from empirical studies that have been critical of planning. In a setting in which, by construction, planning has a positive value, we question several popular negative implications by showing how they result from an incom-plete sample of entrepreneurs.Business plan, Start-ups, Entrepreneurship, Decision Making, Uncertainty

Theory of Single Electron Spin Relaxation in Si/SiGe Lateral Coupled Quantum Dots

We investigate the spin relaxation induced by acoustic phonons in the presence of spin-orbit interactions in single electron Si/SiGe lateral coupled quantum dots. The relaxation rates are computed numerically in single and double quantum dots, in in-plane and perpendicular magnetic fields. The deformation potential of acoustic phonons is taken into account for both transverse and longitudinal polarizations and their contributions to the total relaxation rate are discussed with respect to the dilatation and shear potential constants. We find that in single dots the spin relaxation rate scales approximately with the seventh power of the magnetic field, in line with a recent experiment. In double dots the relaxation rate is much more sensitive to the dot spectrum structure, as it is often dominated by a spin hot spot. The anisotropy of the spin-orbit interactions gives rise to easy passages, special directions of the magnetic field for which the relaxation is strongly suppressed. Quantitatively, the spin relaxation rates in Si are typically 2 orders of magnitude smaller than in GaAs due to the absence of the piezoelectric phonon potential and generally weaker spin-orbit interactions.Comment: 10 pages, 9 figure

Balancing the Tradeoff between Personal Fulfillment and Competitiveness in Venture Creation

The fascination of venture creation is associated with an entrepreneur’s opportunity of achieving personal fulfillment. In reality, however, many nascent entrepreneurs discover that much of their original vision is sacrificed in the process of creating a startup. In this paper we address the conflict between the entrepreneur’s fulfillment and the startup’s competitiveness from a negotiationanalytic perspective. We show how the nature of this conflict is transformed in the process of business planning, and we demonstrate how a purely marketoriented focus on expansion serves to enhance personal fulfillment. Our analytical approach has practical implications for business development and entrepreneurial education.Venture Creation, Business Development, Negotiation Analysis

The Representation Of Syrian Refugees In The Online Media News Reports Of Host And Non-Host Countries: A Corpus-Based Critical Discourse Analysis

Terdapat banyak kajian yang telah meneliti pemaparan media tentang pelarian di negara tuan rumah. Namun begitu, tidak banyak kajian yang memberikan perhatian kepada pemaparan ini di negara bukan tuan rumah. Kajian ini memanfaatkan teori kategori sosial wacana oleh Van Leeuwen (2008) khasnya “role allocation”, “genericisation dan specification”, “assimilation”, “association”, “indetermination”, dan “identification” serta metafora konsepsi saranan Lakoff dan Johnson (2003) untuk mengkaji pemaparan media tentang pelarian Syria di negara tuan rumah dan di negara bukan tuan rumah. Linguistik korpus diguna pakai untuk memastikan hasil kajian ini menyeluruh, sah dan saksama. Korpora kajian ini mengandungi 3082130 perkataan. Program Anthony AntConc (versi 3.2.4) digunakan untuk menganalisis korpora ini. Untuk menghitung signifikan statistik pula, Ujian Ketepatan Fisher (Fisher Exact Test) dimanfaatkan. There is a substantial body of research that has examined the media representation of refugees in their host countries. However, scant attention has been paid to their depiction in the media discourse of non-host countries. This study uses Van Leeuwen‟s (2008) sociological categories of discourse, namely role allocation, genericisation and specification, assimilation, association, indetermination, and identification, as well as Lakoff and Johnson‟s (2003) conceptual metaphor theory to examine the representation of Syrian refugees in the online media news reports of both their host and non-host countries. Corpus linguistics is used to ensure that the results are generalizable, valid, and impartial. The two corpora of this research consist of 3082130 words. Anthony‟s AntConc programme (version 3.2.4) was used to analyse the corpora. To calculate the statistical significance in comparing both corpora, Fisher‟s exact test is used

A-coupled-expanding and distributional chaos

The concept of A-coupled-expanding map, which is one of the more natural and useful ideas generalized the horseshoe map, is well known as a criterion of chaos. It is well known that distributional chaos is one of the concepts which reflect strong chaotic behaviour. In this paper, we focus the relations between A-coupled-expanding and distributional chaos. We prove two theorems that give sufficient conditions for a strictly A-coupled-expanding map to be distributionally chaotic in the senses of two kinds, where A is an irreducible transition matrix.Comment: 10 page

Ionisation of atomic hydrogen by positron impact

With the crossed beam apparatus the relative impact-ionization cross section of atomic hydrogen by positron impact was measured. A layout of the scattering region is given. The first measurements on the ionization of atomic hydrogen by positron impact are also given

The U-shaped Investment Curve: Theory and Evidence

This paper examines how the investment of financially constrained firms varies with their level of internal funds. We develop a theoretical model of optimal investment under financial constraints. Our model endogenizes the costs of external funds and allows for negative levels of internal funds. We show that the resulting relationship between internal funds and investment is U-shaped. In particular, when a firm's internal funds are negative and sufficiently low, a further decrease leads to an increase in investment. This effect is driven by the investor's participation constraint: when part of any loan must be used to close a financing gap, the investor will provide funds only if the firm invests at a scale large enough to generate the revenue that enables the firm to repay. We test our theory using a data set with close to 100,000 firm-year observations. The data strongly support our predictions. Among other results, we find a negative relationship between measures of internal funds and investment for a substantial share of financially constrained firms. Our results also help to explain some contrasting findings in the empirical investment literature.Financial constraints, capital market imperfections, financial contracts, investment, internal funds, investment-cash flow sensitivity

Theory of Spin Relaxation in Two-Electron Lateral Coupled Quantum Dots

A global quantitative picture of the phonon-induced two-electron spin relaxation in GaAs double quantum dots is presented using highly accurate numerical calculations. Wide regimes of interdot coupling, magnetic field magnitude and orientation, and detuning are explored in the presence of a nuclear bath. Most important, the unusually strong magnetic anisotropy of the singlet-triplet relaxation can be controlled by detuning switching the principal anisotropy axes: a protected state becomes unprotected upon detuning, and vice versa. It is also established that nuclear spins can dominate spin relaxation for unpolarized triplets even at high magnetic fields, contrary to common belief. These findings are central to designing quantum dots geometries for spin-based quantum information processing with minimal environmental impact.Comment: 8 pages, 8 figure