Measurement of electron scattering in aluminum at 1.0 MeV for non-normal incidence, part 1

Electron scattering in aluminum and gold targets at 1.0 MeV for non-normal incidenc

Investigation of electron interaction in matter Final report, 9 Feb. 1967 - 9 Feb. 1968

Electron interaction in matter - electron scattering, electron-bremsstrahlung cross sections and electron bremsstrahlung production in targets at various incident energie

Investigations of electron interactions with matter. Part 1 - Bremsstrahlung production in aluminum and iron. Part 2 - Electron scattering in aluminum

Bremsstrahlung production in aluminum and iron - electron scattering in aluminu

The role of neutralizing antibodies in prevention of HIV-1 infection: what can we learn from the mother-to-child transmission context?

International audienceIn most viral infections, protection through existing vaccines is linked to the presence of vaccine-induced neutralizing antibodies (NAbs). However, more than 30 years after the identification of AIDS, the design of an immunogen able to induce antibodies that would neutralize the highly diverse HIV-1 variants remains one of the most puzzling challenges of the human microbiology. The role of antibodies in protection against HIV-1 can be studied in a natural situation that is the mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) context. Indeed, at least at the end of pregnancy, maternal antibodies of the IgG class are passively transferred to the fetus protecting the neonate from new infections during the first weeks or months of life. During the last few years, strong data, presented in this review, have suggested that some NAbs might confer protection toward neonatal HIV-1 infection. In cases of transmission, it has been shown that the viral population that is transmitted from the mother to the infant is usually homogeneous, genetically restricted and resistant to the maternal HIV-1-specific antibodies. Although the breath of neutralization was not associated with protection, it has not been excluded that NAbs toward specific HIV-1 strains might be associated with a lower rate of MTCT. A better identification of the antibody specificities that could mediate protection toward MTCT of HIV-1 would provide important insights into the antibody responses that would be useful for vaccine development. The most convincing data suggesting that NAbs migh confer protection against HIV-1 infection have been obtained by experiments of passive immunization of newborn macaques with the first generation of human monoclonal broadly neutralizing antibodies (HuMoNAbs). However, these studies, which included only a few selected subtype B challenge viruses, provide data limited to protection against a very restricted number of isolates and therefore have limitations in addressing the hypervariability of HIV-1. The recent identification of highly potent second-generation cross-clade HuMoNAbs provides a new opportunity to evaluate the efficacy of passive immunization to prevent MTCT of HIV-1

Higher Resolution Neutron Velocity Spectrometer Measurements of Enriched Uranium

The slow neutron transmission of a sample of enriched uranium containing 3.193 gm/cm{sup2} has been investigated with a resolution width of 1 microsec/m (1 microsec/m is the full width of the triangular resolution function at the base) and with points spaced 1/3 microsec/m. The results of these transmission measurements are shown in Fig. 1. The solid line represents the new measurements while the dashed line represents the previous measurements (CUD-4) on this sample using a resolution width of 1.4 microsec/m and with points spaced 2/3 microsec/m

Slow Neutron Velocity Spectrometer Transmission Studies of Pu

The slow neutron transmission of several samples of plutonium is being investigated with the Columbia Neutron Velocity Spectrometer. The spectrometer, which has been described previously (Rainwater et al., Phys. Rev. 71, 65 (1947)), was recently improved, recalibrated, and the operational factor reevaluated (CUD-59). Results reported here were obtained by the procedure described in that report