Facteurs associés à la détresse psychologique des étudiants: mieux comprendre pour mieux intervenir

PAREA n°PA-2016-006La présente recherche a été subventionnée par le ministère de l'Éducation et de l'Enseignement supérieur dans le cadre du Programme d'aide à la recherche sur l'enseignement et l'apprentissage (PAREA).Comprend des références bibliographiques

Les étudiants de Tremplin Diplôme d'études collégiales (DEC) : Qui sont-ils et comment vont-ils?

Affiche présentée dans le cadre du Colloque de l'ARC, «Des racines et des ailes pour la recherche collégiale», dans le cadre du 85e Congrès de l’Acfas, Université McGill, Montréal, les 8 et 9 mai 2017.Dans le cadre d’un projet plus vaste axé sur la santé psychologique des étudiants entrant au cégep, 855 jeunes ont rempli un questionnaire portant sur certaines facettes de leur bien-être psychologique et leur adaptation au collège. De ce nombre, 155 étaient inscrits en Tremplin DEC. Ce cheminement, qui a attiré, selon les données de la Fédération des cégeps, près de 7 % des cégépiens en 2016, aide les jeunes à préciser leur orientation professionnelle, à obtenir des préalables manquants ou à acquérir de meilleures méthodes de travail. L’implantation de ce programme étant récente, la composition des jeunes qui s'y inscrivent, leurs besoins et leur réalité à l’arrivée au collège sont encore méconnus. L’objectif de notre communication est de décrire ces étudiants en les comparants à leurs collègues des autres programmes. L’analyse des indicateurs de bien-être psychologique (dépression et anxiété) et d’adaptation au cégep montrent peu de différences entre eux. En outre, de façon assez surprenante, les mesures liées à l’indécision vocationnelle indiquent que la situation des étudiants de Tremplin DEC se compare avantageusement à celle des étudiants inscrits dans les programmes préuniversitaires. Ces résultats, qui gagneraient à être répliqués avec une autre cohorte, suggèrent cependant qu’il serait utile de mieux cerner les motifs et besoins amenant les étudiants à s’inscrire en Tremplin DEC

Correction: Test-retest reliability of myelin imaging in the human spinal cord: Measurement errors versus region- and aging-induced variations.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189944.]

Études d'après nature. 1020 : [photographie] / J. Vallou de Villeneuve

To implement a statistical framework for assessing the precision of several quantitative MRI metrics sensitive to myelin in the human spinal cord: T1, Magnetization Transfer Ratio (MTR), saturation imposed by an off-resonance pulse (MTsat) and Macromolecular Tissue Volume (MTV).Thirty-three healthy subjects within two age groups (young, elderly) were scanned at 3T. Among them, 16 underwent the protocol twice to assess repeatability. Statistical reliability indexes such as the Minimal Detectable Change (MDC) were compared across metrics quantified within different cervical levels and white matter (WM) sub-regions. The differences between pathways and age groups were quantified and interpreted in context of the test-retest repeatability of the measurements.The MDC was respectively 105.7ms, 2.77%, 0.37% and 4.08% for T1, MTR, MTsat and MTV when quantified over all WM, while the standard-deviation across subjects was 70.5ms, 1.34%, 0.20% and 2.44%. Even though particular WM regions did exhibit significant differences, these differences were on the same order as test-retest errors. No significant difference was found between age groups for all metrics.While T1-based metrics (T1 and MTV) exhibited better reliability than MT-based measurements (MTR and MTsat), the observed differences between subjects or WM regions were comparable to (and often smaller than) the MDC. This makes it difficult to determine if observed changes are due to variations in myelin content, or simply due to measurement error. Measurement error remains a challenge in spinal cord myelin imaging, but this study provides statistical guidelines to standardize the field and make it possible to conduct large-scale multi-center studies

Morpho-physiological variation of white spruce seedlings from various seed sources and implications for deployment under climate change

Because of changes in climatic conditions, tree seeds originating from breeding programs may no longer be suited to sites where they are currently sent. As a consequence, new seed zones may have to be delineated. Assisted migration consists of transferring seed sources that match the future climatic conditions to which they are currently adapted. It represents a strategy that could be used to mitigate the potential negative consequences of climate change on forest productivity. Decisions with regard to the choice of the most appropriate seed sources have to rely on appropriate knowledge of morpho-physiological responses of trees. To meet this goal, white spruce (Picea glauca [Moench] Voss) seedlings from eight seed orchards were evaluated during two years in a forest nursery, and at the end of the first growing season on three plantation sites located in different bioclimatic domains in Quebec.The morpho-physiological responses obtained at the end of the second growing season (2+0) in the nursery made it possible to cluster the orchards into three distinct groups. Modelling growth curves of these different groups showed that the height growth of seedlings from the second-generation and southern first-generation seed orchards was significantly higher than that of those from other orchards, by at least 6%. A multiple regression model with three climatic variables (average growing season temperature, average July temperature, length of the growing season) showed that the final height of seedlings (2+0) from the first-generation seed orchards was significantly related to the local climatic conditions at the orchard sites of origin where parental trees from surrounding natural populations were sampled to provide grafts for orchard establishment. Seedling height growth was significantly affected by both seed source origins and planting sites, but the relative ranking of the different seed sources was maintained regardless of reforestation site. This knowledge could be used, in conjunction with transfer models, to refine operational seed transfer rules and select the most suitable sites in an assisted migration strategy

Repeatability indexes used to assess the repeatability of metrics over all WM according to vertebral levels.

<p>Repeatability indexes used to assess the repeatability of metrics over all WM according to vertebral levels.</p

Comparison across vertebral levels and WM regions along with the measurement errors for the group mean (n = 33) and individual subjects.

<p>The red envelope represents the 95% confidence interval for the test-retest difference (CI_d), which assesses the measurement error magnitude of the group mean (in black). The orange envelope represents the MDC (Minimum Detectable Change), difference required to compare individual subjects (faded gray lines). Note that the group mean approaching the edges of the CI_d (red envelope) reflects an asymmetric confidence interval due to a non-null offset between test and retest (non-null mean test-retest difference, ). However, no offset was large enough to report a significant systematic bias between test and retest (see section 3.1. Repeatability, <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0189944#pone.0189944.t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a> and <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0189944#pone.0189944.t002" target="_blank">Table 2</a>).</p

Comparison between young (n_young = 19) and elderly (n_elderly = 14) subjects along with measurement errors.

<p>For each case, the corresponding 95% confidence interval for the mean test-retest difference (<i>CI</i>_<i>d</i>), estimated from the test-retest analysis (see section 3.1. Repeatability) was centered at the mean of each group, in order to assess whether the difference between young and elderly is larger than the test-retest errors or not. With all metrics within every spinal cord region (vertebral level or WM region), the difference in means between young and elderly was undistinguishable from measurement errors.</p

Comparison of significantly different vertebral levels (A) or WM regions (B) with differences larger than measurement errors.

<p>Comparison of significantly different vertebral levels (A) or WM regions (B) with differences larger than measurement errors.</p