Патология щитовидной железы в практике педиатра

Departament of Pediatry, Nicolae Testemitanu State Medical and Pharmaceutical UniversityIt is proven that thyroid gland plays a huge role in the organism’s process of growing and development, in the health and intellectual level of population. It has implications in the body’s metabolism, genetic program and development of the nervous system, the differentiation and statural growing from conception and during people’s life. The thyroid diseases had been and still remain a major problem in pediatrics, that being explained by the evolution and clinical signs which not always has specific symptoms in the debut and even in progression. There are a lot of syndromes caused by hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism which confuses the internists-doctors. We bring two clinical cases which we hope will help in the quick diagnosis of the thyroid gland’s pathology: the child Nicolai, 16 years old with autoimmune toxic multicystic thyroiditis and Alina 16.5 years old with secondary hypothyroidism. Diagnosis have been confirmed on the basis of clinical results, laboratory tests (T3, T4, TSH, a-TPO) and instrumental (USG, Scintigraphy).Известна ключевая роль ЩЖ для здоровья человека с момента его зачатия и на протяжении всей жизни. Гормоны ЩЖ обеспечивают реализацию генетической программы, дифференцировку тканей всех органов и систем и нормальный обмен веществ. От функционального состояния ЩЖ зависит интеллектуальный уровень населения. Болезни ЩЖ всегда представляли сложную диагностическую задачу для практических врачей – педиатров, терапевтов, невропатологов в связи с отсутствием специфической симптоматики как вначале, так и при прогрессировании заболевания с гипо- или гипертиреозом. В статье описаны два клинических случая: узловой аутоиммунный токсический тиреоидит (Николай 16 лет) и вторичный гипотиреоз (Алина 16,5 лет). Диагноз подтвержден клинически, лабораторными данными (Т3, Т4, ТSH, a-TPO), результатами УЗИ, сцинтиграфии

Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among the Bulgarian population over a three year period (2015 – 2017)

The aim of the present study is to perform a retrospective analysis of the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among the Bulgarian population over the period 2015 – 2017. The study involved all Bulgarians and foreign nationals residing in the country who had been tested for intestinal protozoa and helminths. A total of 23,785 infections have been revealed, of which 17,712 (74.47 %) were helminth and 6,073 (25.53 %) protozoan invasions. Enterobiasis was found to be the most prevalent among patients infected with intestinal helminths (81.75 %), while giardiasis (62.05 %) was the most common among those diagnosed with protozoan infections. In spite of improved living conditions and increasing public health awareness, parasitic diseases in general, and intestinal parasitic infections in particular, still represent a significant part of the overall morbidity in Bulgaria, thus posing a major issue for the public health care system

A Case of Progressive Multifocal Leucoencephalopathy and Cerebral Toxoplasmosis in an HIV-Infected Patient

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is an opportunistic infection of the central nervous system (CNS) caused by the reactivation of John Cunningham polyomavirus (JCV). Most often, this disease is observed in patients with severe immune suppression, such as those with AIDS. Cerebral toxoplasmosis results from the reactivation of a latent infection with Toxoplasma gondii, an intracellular parasite. This parasitosis is relatively rare in the United States, while in some regions of Europe the seropositive population is over 90%. Similarly, to PML, cerebral toxoplasmosis develops in stages of advanced immune deficiency. Both of these opportunistic infections of the central nervous system can cause severe neurological symptoms, and their simultaneous presentation can represent a diagnostic and therapeutic problem. We present a case of a 59-year-old patient with a newly diagnosed HIV infection with manifestations of epilepsy and progressive cognitive impairment. The patient was diagnosed initially with cerebral toxoplasmosis and subsequently with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy