Copper And Magnesium - Doped Zinc Oxide Nanorods For Device Applications

Layered Superconductors, Volume I, describes the chemistry and physics of all layered superconductors. Although widespread interest in the subject did not really arise until the discovery of high-temperature superconductivity in the cuprates, it has a much longer history, and is still evolving rapidly. This book describes the chemical syntheses, crystal structures, calculations and measurements of the Fermi surfaces, and measurements of the normal state physical properties and of the upper and lower critical fields of all classes of layered superconductors. At present, the large classes of layered superconductors are the graphite intercalation compounds, the transition metal dichalcogenides, the intercalated transition metal dichalcogenides, the organic layered superconductors,various artificial superconducting superlattices, the cuprates, binary and ternary intermetallics with the AlB2 structure, ternary and quaternary intermetallics of the ThCr2Si2 structure, the borocarbides, the iron pnictides, the iron oxypnictides, and the iron chalcogenides. Each of the stoichiometric compounds Sr2RuO4, MgB2, La3Ni2B2N3, and Ag5Pb2O6 are layered superconductors, as are intercalated ß-ZrNCl and ß-HfNCl. Many of these materials exhibit electronic instabilities such as charge-density waves, spin-density waves, magnetism, and pseudogaps , which may have closely related origins, and which compete with the superconductivity. Some of these materials are extremely anisotropic, while others are nearly isotropic in their normal and superconducting behaviours. To characterize the superconductivity, three phenomenological models are presented: the anisotropic London model, the anisotropic Ginzburg-Landau model, and the Lawrence-Doniach model. These models are used to calculate the upper and lower critical fields of layered superconductors. Experimental verification of these and selected microscopic models is provided

Study on zinc ions binding to the individual casein fractions: αS1-, β- and κ-casein.

The presented work is focused on the isotherm study on the Zn2+ ions binding to the individual casein fractions: αS1-, β- and κ-casein (αS1CN, βCN and κCN). The experimental isotherms were evaluated using Freundlich and Langmuir models. Subsequently, the stability of the obtained complexes in the respective Zn2+ ion concentrations (120, 350, 600 mg/L) was determined by carrying out zeta potential measurements. Capillary electrophoresis combined with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (CE-ICP-MS) confirmed the occurring binding process. Additionally, physicochemical characteristics of the obtained metal-protein complexes was performed including scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in two modes (SE and Z-contrast) and the binding sites of caseins to Zn2+ ions were indicated using attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR) and Raman analysis as well as mass spectrometry technique (MALDI-TOF MS). Isothermal studies indicated a heterogeneously complex zinc ion adsorption process, and a stability study showed that the zeta potential is strongly related to the hydrophobicity, size and structure of the casein isoforms studied. Electron microscopy confirmed the modification of casein surfaces due to the addition of Zn2+ ions. Spectroscopic techniques indicated the interaction of zinc ions with polar amino acids of casein, such as glutamic acid (Glu) and aspartic acid (Asp), but also His, Cys. The influence of phosphate groups was also observed. Finally, the study culminated in a molecular docking study of the Zn2+ ion binding process, which confirmed the presence of the listed amino acids responsible for the binding process

Nutrition and dietary intake and their association with mortality and hospitalisation in adults with chronic kidney disease treated with haemodialysis: protocol for DIET-HD, a prospective multinational cohort study

INTRODUCTION: Adults with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) treated with haemodialysis experience mortality of between 15% and 20% each year. Effective interventions that improve health outcomes for long-term dialysis patients remain unproven. Novel and testable determinants of health in dialysis are needed. Nutrition and dietary patterns are potential factors influencing health in other health settings that warrant exploration in multinational studies in men and women treated with dialysis. We report the protocol of the "DIETary intake, death and hospitalisation in adults with end-stage kidney disease treated with HaemoDialysis (DIET-HD) study," a multinational prospective cohort study. DIET-HD will describe associations of nutrition and dietary patterns with major health outcomes for adults treated with dialysis in several countries.METHODS AND ANALYSIS: DIET-HD will recruit approximately 10,000 adults who have ESKD treated by clinics administered by a single dialysis provider in Argentina, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Sweden and Turkey. Recruitment will take place between March 2014 and June 2015. The study has currently recruited 8000 participants who have completed baseline data. Nutritional intake and dietary patterns will be measured using the Global Allergy and Asthma European Network (GA(2)LEN) food frequency questionnaire. The primary dietary exposures will be n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid consumption. The primary outcome will be cardiovascular mortality and secondary outcomes will be all-cause mortality, infection-related mortality and hospitalisation.ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The study is approved by the relevant Ethics Committees in participating countries. All participants will provide written informed consent and be free to withdraw their data at any time. The findings of the study will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals, conference presentations and to participants via regular newsletters. We expect that the DIET-HD study will inform large pragmatic trials of nutrition or dietary interventions in the setting of advanced kidney disease