Rotary Instrumentation in Primary Teeth: A Review

Pediatric Endodontics has evolved a great deal in the past few decades. There are advancements in the techniques and materials used for pulpectomy therapy in primary teeth. Rotary instrumentation has been very popular and routinely technique in permanent teeth. Despite this, the manual technique is a preferred method in primary teeth. In-vitro or cross-sectional studies have revealed rotary instrumentation to be more advantageous than manual in terms of procedural time, cleaning efficiency and quality of root filling. Though instrument fracture is a potential concern with rotary files there are not enough evidence to contraindicate its use in primary teeth. This paper has briefly reviewed the literature related to the use of rotary instrumentation in primary teeth and discussed the necessity to carry out long-term clinical trials to adopt the technique in routine or contraindicate its use in primary teeth

Clinical and Radiographic Characteristics of the Primary Teeth Indicated For Pulpectomy: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

Introduction- Although difficult to achieve but an accurate diagnosis of pulp status is important for the success of pulp therapy in primary teeth. Clinical signs and symptoms, as well as radiographic characteristics, are important in this regard. Material and methods- This cross-sectional analysis evaluated the clinical and radiographic characteristics in 60 decayed primary mandibular second molars from children aged 4-8 years indicated for single visit pulpectomy treatment based on their history, clinical examination and radiographic examination. Results- Pain was present in 60% of cases followed by tenderness on percussion (1.7%) and sinus tract (1.7%). Evaluation of duration of onset of pulpal involvement revealed 86.7% cases had chronic involvement whereas 13.3% cases showed an acute exacerbation of chronic involvement. Irreversible pulpitis was present in 68.3% cases followed by pulp necrosis in 28.3%. Only 7 out of 60 cases indicated for pulpectomy showed radiographic involvement in periapical or furcation areas. Conclusion- Pain was the most common symptom. Majority of cases had chronic involvement and irreversible pulpitis was the most common indication for pulpectomy followed by pulp necrosis. Only a few cases indicated for pulpectomy in the present study had radiographic involvement present

Understanding Primitive Reflexes and Their Role In Growth And Development: A Review

Reflexes are set motor responses to specific sensory stimuli. In newborns and young infants these primitive reflexes are an important assessment tool. Children with a distinctive reflex are difficult to treat. This includes a large category in which primitive reflexes are retained longer than necessary. Certain reflexes may not appear at appropriate age of development. Many neurological conditions are characterized by aberrations in reflex actions. However, there is scarcity of data for high-risk infants pertaining to this topic. Dental treatment becomes challenging in these individuals and sometimes due to lack of compliance even necessary emergency dental treatment is difficult to carry out

X-Ray tomography study on porosity and particle size distribution in In Situ Al-4.5Cu-5TiB2 Semisolid rolled composites

X-ray computed tomography (XCT) was used for three-dimensional (3D) visualization of the internal microstructure and quantification of the porosity and second-phase particles in Al-4.5Cu-5TiB2 composites prepared by an in situ liquid metallurgy casting route. The as-cast composites were subjected to hot rolling and mushy-state rolling for deagglomeration and to achieve a uniform distribution of CuAl2-TiB2 particle clusters. Qualitative results obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and quantitative results obtained by XCT both showed that mushy-state rolling as well as hot rolling resulted in fragmentation and a homogeneous distribution of the CuAl2-TiB2 particle clusters, with the mushy-state-rolled composite exhibiting the highest number of smaller-size particles. The porosity was increased in both rolling conditions through debonding of particles due to the compressive force during solid-state deformation along with the quick solidification of the solute-rich liquid during mushy-state rolling. These results show that application of secondary processes such as hot-rolling and mushy-state rolling can help to achieve a relatively more uniform particle distribution in Al-4.5Cu-5TiB2 in situ composite

Morankar Rahul's Quick Files

The Quick Files feature was discontinued and it’s files were migrated into this Project on March 11, 2022. The file URL’s will still resolve properly, and the Quick Files logs are available in the Project’s Recent Activity

Cytotoxicity of intracanal medicaments- A systematic review

Intracanal medicaments used for disinfection of root canal system plays a crucial in the success of regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs). The purpose of this systematic review will be to evaluate the cytotoxicity of intracanal medicaments used for root canal disinfection and assess their effect on the proliferation and differentiation potential of Stem Cells from Apical Papilla (SCAPs)

Evidence mapping and quality analysis of published literature related to dentistry and COVID-19-A Systematic review

Systematic review and quality analysis of literature related to COVID-19 and Dentistr

Arrested root growth and concomitant failure of eruption of a developing tooth following open reduction and internal fixation of a pediatric mandibular fracture

Mandible is one of the commonly fractured bone in children during maxillofacial trauma. These factures are usually managed conservatively but sometimes require open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). Management of mandibular fracture in children is influenced by the presence of developing permanent tooth buds, minimal anchorage from primary teeth and facial growth and development. Although, there have been technical and material advancements with ORIF, it is still associated with complications related to growth and damage to developing teeth. This case report describes a case of mandibular parasymphyseal fracture managed successfully with open reduction and internal fixation using a miniplate and a consequent cessation of root growth and eruption failure of a mandibular canine present in the fixation area

Effect of 940 nm diode laser irradiation and dentin bonding agent on permeability of furcation area in primary molars

Purpose: Multiple accessory canals make furcation area of primary molars the most common port of entry of bacterial endotoxins to periradicular area. Reduction in permeability can improve prognosis of these teeth. Therefore, this study was designed to compare the effect of 940 nm diode laser and dentin bonding agent on the dye penetration of furcation area in primary molars. Material and Methods: Thirty teeth were divided into three groups, that is, Group 1 (control group), Group 2 (dentin bonding agent applied over floor of pulp chamber), and Group 3 (diode laser irradiated over floor of pulp chamber). The samples were prepared and seven from each group were tested by dye penetration and three were sent for scanning electron microscopy. Rise in temperature in the perifurcal area was also recorded at the time of laser irradiation. Dunn's pair-wise comparison analysis was used for the analysis for the difference in dye penetration among the group. Results: The maximum rise in temperature recorded postirradiation was 6.90C. Dye penetration was significantly reduced in Group 2 Dentin bonding group (DBG) as compared to control group (P = 0.0025). Reduction in permeability was observed in Group 3 Laser group (LG) but this was not statistically significant (P = 0.197). Scanning electron microscope revealed open dentinal tubules in Group 1. There were no open dentinal tubules in Group 2, while Group 3 had sealed dentinal tubules with glass-like surface over the region. Conclusion: Dentin bonding agent led to substantial decrease in dye penetration of furcation area of primary molars. This method should be evaluated clinically to improve successful pulpectomy procedures of primary molars

Salivary and urinary ion estimation after silver diamine fluoride application

Aim or Purpose: The purpose of the study was to determine the salivary and urinary levels of fluoride and silver ions in children after silver diamine fluoride (SDF) application on dental carious lesions. Materials and Methods: After obtaining approval from Institute's ethics Committee (IECPG-637/25.11.2020), 60 children (4-6 years with ≥3 caries lesions) were recruited. Three ml of unstimulated whole saliva was collected at three time points; before, one and 24 hours after SDF application. Similarly, 3ml urine samples were collected before and 24 hours after SDF application. Fluoride(F)and silver (Ag) concentrations were determined by a fluoride ion-selective electrode (ISE) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) respectively. Wilcoxon Signed Rank test was used for data analysis. Level of significance was set at p-values < 0.05. Results: At baseline, 1-hour and 24-hours, salivary F concentrations (median, range, ppm) were 0.06 (0.01-0.41), 0.97(0.05-2.12), and 0.11(0.02-0.76) respectively, while baseline and 24-hour urinary F concentrations (ppm) were 0.33(0.02-0.79) and 0.43 (0.04-1.24) respectively. Salivary Ag concentrations (ppb) were 3.11 (0.97-9.34) at baseline, 4684 (3864.0-11920.99) at 1 hour, and 43.96 (17.32-171.09) at 24 hours after SDF application. Urinary Ag concentrations (ppb) were 1.97 (0-10.59) and 3.62(0-14.26) before and 24 hours after SDF application respectively. There were statistically elevated fluoride and silver ion concentrations at 24 hours after SDF application as compared to baseline. Conclusions: Salivary concentration of fluoride and silver ions elevated significantly at 1- and 24-hours following SDF application. The systemic absorption of fluoride and silver ions were minimal, their urinary concentrations were elevated at 1 hour and remained above the baseline even after 24 hours