Expert opinion on pre and post procedure care in aesthetic dermatology

In clinical practice, the number of aesthetic dermatology procedures carried out in India is increasing. Nonsurgical or minimally invasive cosmetic dermatology encompasses a variety of procedures, such as chemical peels, laser therapies, dermal fillers, derma rollers and microneedling radiofrequency, which are known to be safe and effective. Despite enormous advances in the field of aesthetic dermatological procedures, many clinicians seem to have limited knowledge about the potential benefits and risks associated with aesthetic procedures. To ensure successful outcome of an aesthetic procedure and to minimise complications, one should be aware of the pre- and post-procedural care involved. This review summarized expert opinion on pre and post-procedural care needed with chemical peels, laser therapies, dermal fillers, derma rollers and microneedling radiofrequency

ZTF Early Observations of Type Ia Supernovae. III. Early-time Colors As a Test for Explosion Models and Multiple Populations

Colors of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) in the first few days after explosion provide a potential discriminant between different models. In this paper, we present g-r colors of 65 SNe Ia discovered within 5 days from first light by the Zwicky Transient Facility in 2018, a sample that is about three times larger than that in the literature. We find that g-r colors are intrinsically rather homogeneous at early phases, with about half of the dispersion attributable to photometric uncertainties (σnoise ∼ σ int ∼ 0.18 mag). Colors are nearly constant starting from 6 days after first light (g-r ∼-0.15 mag), while the time evolution at earlier epochs is characterized by a continuous range of slopes, from events rapidly transitioning from redder to bluer colors (slope of ∼-0.25 mag day-1) to events with a flatter evolution. The continuum in the slope distribution is in good agreement both with models requiring some amount of 56Ni mixed in the outermost regions of the ejecta and with "double-detonation"models having thin helium layers MHe=0.01 M⊙) and varying carbon-oxygen core masses. At the same time, six events show evidence for a distinctive "red bump"signature predicted by double-detonation models with larger helium masses. We finally identify a significant correlation between the early-time g-r slopes and supernova brightness, with brighter events associated to flatter color evolution (p-value = 0.006). The distribution of slopes, however, is consistent with being drawn from a single population, with no evidence for two components as claimed in the literature based on B-V colors

ZTF Early Observations of Type Ia Supernovae. III. Early-time Colors As a Test for Explosion Models and Multiple Populations

Colors of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) in the first few days after explosion provide a potential discriminant between different models. In this paper, we present g − r colors of 65 SNe Ia discovered within 5 days from first light by the Zwicky Transient Facility in 2018, a sample that is about three times larger than that in the literature. We find that g − r colors are intrinsically rather homogeneous at early phases, with about half of the dispersion attributable to photometric uncertainties (σ_(noise)∼σ_(int) ~ 0.18 mag). Colors are nearly constant starting from 6 days after first light (g − r ~ −0.15 mag), while the time evolution at earlier epochs is characterized by a continuous range of slopes, from events rapidly transitioning from redder to bluer colors (slope of ~−0.25 mag day⁻¹) to events with a flatter evolution. The continuum in the slope distribution is in good agreement both with models requiring some amount of ⁵⁶Ni mixed in the outermost regions of the ejecta and with "double-detonation" models having thin helium layers (M_(He) = 0.01 M_⊙) and varying carbon–oxygen core masses. At the same time, six events show evidence for a distinctive "red bump" signature predicted by double-detonation models with larger helium masses. We finally identify a significant correlation between the early-time g − r slopes and supernova brightness, with brighter events associated to flatter color evolution (p-value = 0.006). The distribution of slopes, however, is consistent with being drawn from a single population, with no evidence for two components as claimed in the literature based on B − V colors

Clinical trials for stem cell therapies

In recent years, clinical trials with stem cells have taken the emerging field in many new directions. While numerous teams continue to refine and expand the role of bone marrow and cord blood stem cells for their vanguard uses in blood and immune disorders, many others are looking to expand the uses of the various types of stem cells found in bone marrow and cord blood, in particular mesenchymal stem cells, to uses beyond those that could be corrected by replacing cells in their own lineage. Early results from these trials have produced mixed results often showing minor or transitory improvements that may be attributed to extracellular factors. More research teams are accelerating the use of other types of adult stem cells, in particular neural stem cells for diseases where beneficial outcome could result from either in-lineage cell replacement or extracellular factors. At the same time, the first three trials using cells derived from pluripotent cells have begun

Role of HISTONE MONOUBIQUITINATION 1 (HUB 1) in resistance against necrotrophs and plant development

We studied the function of Arabidopsis HISTONE MONOUBIQUITINATION 1 (HUB1), the E3 ligase for histone H2B, in plant defense against necrotrophic pathogens and other plant functions. HUB1 is a homolog of yeast BRE1 (BrefaldinA Sensitivity) and encodes C3HC4 RING E3 ligase that catalyzes the monoubiquitination of histone H2B. HUB1 was identified as the potential target of BIK1 ( B.cinerea Induced Kinase1), a protein kinase required for resistance to necrotrophic pathogens. HUB1 is induced in response to B. cinerea in wild type plants but is constitutively expressed at a higher level in the bik1 mutant. The role of HUB1 in disease resistance was studied using mutant alleles and over expression transgenic lines. HUB1 mutant alleles show increased susceptibility whereas its ectopic expression was sufficient for increased resistance to B. cinerea and A. brassicicola. In contrast, hub1 plants show no altered responses to virulent and avirulent strains of the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae indicating a specific role for HUB1 in resistance to necrotrophic fungi. HUB1 is induced by B. cinerea and A. brassicicola, at the site of infection, further supporting the role of HUB1 in defense. Interestingly, hub1 plants have reduced cell wall thickness compared to wild type and overexpression lines but accumulate increased callose in response to B. cinerea and A. brassisicola. Thus, HUB1 may regulate resistance by altering cell wall related defenses. The genetic interactions between HUB1 and key regulatory genes in Arabidopsis defense responses were studied. The hub1coi1 and hub1ein2 double mutants were constructed to determine the role of jasmonate (JA) and ethylene (ET) on the functions of HUB1. ET and JA regulate Arabidopsis defense against necrotrophic fungi. The hub1coi1 and hub1ein2 double mutant shows more severe B.cinerea disease symptoms and pathogen growth than the single mutants. This, coupled with the normal expression of the JA regulated PDF1.2 gene in the hub1 mutant suggests that HUB1 functions independent of the JA and ET response pathways. The response of hub1coi1 to A. brassicicola mirrors that of B. cinerea. However, the responses of hub1ein2 to A. brassicicola suggests that EIN2 is epistatic to HUB1 for A. brassicicola resistance but is additive to HUB1 with respect to B.cinerea resistance indicative of a contrasting role for ET in resistance to these fungi. HUB1 also regulates flowering time in Arabidopsis. The hub1 mutant flowers significantly earlier whereas the 35S:HUB1 lines flowered later than wild type under short and long day conditions. Consistent with this, the expression of MAF1 and MAF4 genes are reduced in hub1. MAF1 and MAF4 are members of the FLC gene family that can act as floral repressors when expressed constitutively to high levels. Lastly, HUB1 interacts with Arabidopsis MED21 subunit of mediator, an evolutionarily conserved protein complex. Arabidopsis MED21 is an essential gene as revealed from the embryo lethality of the loss of function allele. HUB1 and MED21 are both induced by chitin treatment further supporting their role in basal resistance. Importantly, our data suggest HUB1 mediated chromatin modification is linked to RNA polymerase function in transcription through MED21. In sum, histone H2B monoubiquitination is an important chromatin modification that has a regulatory role in plant defense against necrotrophic fungi most likely through modulation of gene expression. (Abstract shortened by UMI.

Case Report: ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Secondary to Acute Atherothrombotic Occlusion Treated With No Stent Strategy

BACKGROUND: Intravascular imaging plays a vital role in the pathophysiology-based diagnosis and treatment of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). We present a case of STEMI due to plaque erosion, which was managed with a no stent approach. CASE SUMMARY: A 43-year-old female with a history of tobacco abuse presented with an anterior STEMI. Coronary angiography revealed acute thrombotic occlusion of the left anterior descending artery with spontaneous recanalization. Intravascular imaging with optical coherence tomography (OCT) demonstrated plaque erosion as the underlying etiology for the acute thrombotic occlusion. A no stent strategy with aspiration thrombectomy and dual antiplatelet therapy was used to manage the patient given that there was no evidence of plaque rupture. Repeat coronary imaging was done at 2 months to assess the status of the lesion. CONCLUSION: A 43-year-old female with STEMI due to plaque erosion was successfully managed only by thrombus aspiration and not by angioplasty and stent placement. Individualized treatment approaches in patients with acute coronary syndromes, can not only achieve optimal management goals but also avoid unnecessary complications associated with interventions. This case illustrates how intracoronary imaging and pathophysiology-guided treatment can dramatically change management. In this young patient, STEMI was managed purely by thrombus aspiration. Intravascular imaging obviated the need for stent placement possibly preventing stent-related complications including restenosis and thrombosis

Clinical Profile and Visual Outcome of Traumatic Glaucoma Patients Following Closed Globe Injury in the Rural Part of Eastern Uttar Pradesh at a Tertiary Eye Care Centre: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Introduction: Glaucoma is a significant cause of ocular morbidity following ocular trauma, particularly Closed Globe Injury (CGI), which frequently leads to elevated Intraocular Pressure (IOP). This type of trauma can result in various tissue damages such as radial sphincter tears, iridodialysis, angle recession, cyclodialysis, trabecular meshwork tears, zonule separation, or peripheral retinal dialysis. Damage in these areas can lead to early or delayed onset glaucoma. Aim: To evaluate the clinical profile, assess visual outcomes, and analyse management strategies in post-traumatic glaucoma with CGI. Materials and Methods: The retrospective cohort study was conducted at a tertiary eye care centre in Department of Ophthalmology, Regional Institute of Ophthalmology (RIO), Sitapur, Uttar Pradesh, India. from January 2020 to December 2022. Retrospective data of patients presenting with CGI and developing elevated IOP (>21 mmHg) were collected. Only patients with a minimum follow-up of three months were included. Various parameters, including demographics, IOP, Best-Corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA), and the effects of medical and surgical treatments on IOP and BCVA, were analysed. The Ocular Trauma Score (OTS) was also calculated. Statistical analysis was performed using Microsoft excel and Statistical Package for Social Sciences software version 21.0, with a significance level of 5%. Continuous variables were described as mean±Standard Deviation (SD), and an unpaired t-test was used for comparisons between pre- and postmanagement visual acuity and IOP. Results: Out of 259 eyes with ocular trauma, 93 (35.90%) were diagnosed with CGI and developed elevated IOP. The most common causes of elevated IOP were hyphema (37.63%) and angle recession mechanisms (32.25%). The median IOP at presentation was 35 mmHg (range: 12 to 71 mmHg) and decreased to 16.5 mmHg (range: 4 to 52 mmHg) at the last follow-up (p-value <0.001). Surgical management was required in 30 (32.25%) eyes, with 13 (13.97%) eyes undergoing trabeculectomy. Conclusion: Post-traumatic IOP elevation occurred in 93 (35.90%) eyes with CGI, and 13.97% of these eyes required glaucoma filtering surgery for IOP control. Overall, medical management was necessary in 67.74% of eyes, while 32.25% required surgical intervention. Eyes with posterior segment involvement had poor visual acuity. Poor baseline vision and vitreo-retinal involvement increased the risk of a poor visual outcome