Comparative analysis of parametric, nonparametric and permutation methods for differential expression

DNA microarrays permit us to study the expression of thousands of genes simultaneously. They are now used in many different contexts to compare mRNA levels between two or more samples of cells. Microarray experiments typically give us expression measurements on a large number of genes. Increasing popularity of microarray technology has resulted in a number of tests being proposed to detect differentials expression. The purpose of study is to compare the parametric, non parametric and permutation tests when applied to microarray data for differential expression analysis. t test (parametric), Mann Whitney test (nonparametric) and Significance of analysis (permutation ) test are compared. The study focused on comparison of tests based on the ranking of genes by different tests. Biological and simulation data was used to test compare the performance of statistical tests. The result shows that the SAM test outperform the other two tests, under Normal as well as Lognormal data simulation in case of both low and high number of replicates. Application to simulated data also brings out the fact that with increase in number of replicates the performance all the tests improves

Business risk in early design: an approach

The Business Risk in Early Design (B-RED) method is a tool used to determine the potential risks in business, in the early business development stages. In order to launch a successful business in today\u27s competitive market environment, the business should equip itself to face the risks involved in business. If the potential risks are identified even before the launch of the business, then there is an opportunity to avert risks with little or no impact to the budget and schedule. The B-RED method presented in this thesis helps entrepreneurs and people with little or no experience in business to identify the likely risks --Abstract, page iv

Skewed Evolving Data Streams Classification with Actionable Knowledge Extraction using Data Approximation and Adaptive Classification Framework

Skewed evolving data stream (SEDS) classification is a challenging research problem for online streaming data applications. The fundamental challenges in streaming data classification are class imbalance and concept drift. However, recently, either independently or together, the two topics have received enough attention; the data redundancy while performing stream data mining and classification remains unexplored. Moreover, the existing solutions for the classification of SEDSs have focused on solving concept drift and/or class imbalance problems using the sliding window mechanism, which leads to higher computational complexity and data redundancy problems. To end this, we propose a novel Adaptive Data Stream Classification (ADSC) framework for solving the concept drift, class imbalance, and data redundancy problems with higher computational and classification efficiency. Data approximation, adaptive clustering, classification, and actionable knowledge extraction are the major phases of ADSC. For the purpose of approximating unique items in the data stream with data pre-processing during the data approximation phase, we develop the Flajolet Martin (FM) algorithm. The periodically approximated tuples are grouped into distinct classes using an adaptive clustering algorithm to address the problem of concept drift and class imbalance. In the classification phase, the supervised classifiers are employed to classify the unknown incoming data streams into either of the classes discovered by the adaptive clustering algorithm. We then extract the actionable knowledge using classified skewed evolved data stream information for the end user decision-making process. The ADSC framework is empirically assessed utilizing two streaming datasets regarding classification and computing efficiency factors. The experimental results shows the better efficiency of the proposed ADSC framework as compared with existing classification methods

Crystal engineering of supramolecular complexes based on pyrogallol[4]arenes

Thesis supervisor: Dr. Jerry L Atwood.Includes vita.Crystal engineering primarily deals with the understanding of intermolecular interactions in the context of crystal packing and thus utilizes this information for the designing and development of novel crystalline solid for targeted application. Supramolecular chemistry helps understanding these intermolecular interactions in the various medium and thus remains an integral part of crystal engineering. These intermolecular interactions are usually weak and noncovalent in nature. Thus, shape and functionality the components of crystalline material have importance in the understanding crystal engineering. Resorcin[4]arenes and pyrogallol[4]arenes have a unique bowl shape and the upper rim of this bowl is decorated with multiple hydroxyl groups. These structural features led to construction of supramolecular organic frameworks with various architecture and topology. These structures were primarily utilized to understand molecular recognitions and host guest interactions. Thus, in this thesis, we focused on synthesis of novel supramolecular organic frameworks from resorcin[4]arenes and pyrogallol[4]arenes by co-crystallizing these macroccyles with various organic linker molecules such as 4,4'-bypyridine. The major part of this thesis project involved screening and characterization of single crystal structure of these cocrystalline frameworks and analyzing the stability of selected framework in solution as well as in solid form. Application of these novel framework materials in gas sorption and separation is evaluated by exposing the stable framework materials to various gases at specific temperature and pressure. The gas sorption capacity of a specific framework material is attributed to its porosity and thermal stability after desolvation. Various gases such as CO[subscript 2], Xe, and Kr are absorbed selectively on these porous crystalline materials obtained by manipulating intermolecular interactions.Includes bibliographical references (pages 112-129)

Evaluation of maternal and fetal outcomes in pregnancy with heart disease

Background: Heart diseases complicate >1% of all pregnancies and is the leading indirect cause of maternal deaths. Present study attempted determining the maternal and fetal outcome in pregnant women with heart disease using various relevant parameters.Methods: A total of 44 consecutive cases of heart disease with pregnancy that were admitted at the study centre from December 2013 to August 2015 were included and analyzed for outcome with respect to age, parity, associated comorbidities, nature of cardiac lesions, type of valvular involvement, NYHA functional class, type of anaesthesia used, mode of delivery, maternal outcome, fetal outcome, birth weight of babies and maternal and fetal mortality, if any.Results: Rheumatic heart disease 26 (59.1%) was the commonest lesion observed to be affecting pregnant patients, followed by congenital heart disease (10, 22.7%). Mitral valve (30, 68.2%) was found most commonly affected, followed by aortic valve (10, 22.7%). Regurgitant lesions (26, 59.09%) were commoner than stenotic ones (14, 31.81%). Four (9.1%) patients went into left ventricular failure and had to be admitted to ICU. Of these, one patient (2.3%) died.Conclusions: Maternal heart disease is one of the important causes of maternal mortality. The obstetrician needs to have strong suspicion of the entity right from the start, so as to improve upon the maternal as well as fetal outcomes

Domestic refrigerator with water cooled condenser – A Review

The paper reviews the possibilities of researchers in the field of performance of the domestic water cooled refrigerators and its utilization in commercial and industrial applications. Here, it is found that the performance of water cooled condenser depends on the inlet temperature, compressor pressure and condensing temperature. The recovery of waste heat from the water cooled condenser is utilised increasing the temperature of cold water. This hot water can be utilised in various domestic as well as industrial applications. The power consumption required for refrigeration can be optimised by using mathematical modelling. Key words: Water cooled condenser, performance, mathematical modelling, DOI: 10.7176/NCS/10-05 Publication date:July 31st 201

Risk Management and Mitigation for Building Construction Project in Sangli District

Risk analysis as the title suggests this is related to the construction management. Risk analysing technique is used for the purpose of risk management. Which type of risk is occurring and how it is analysed what are various mitigatory methods available. Risk management involves assessing the risk sources and designing strategies and procedures to mitigate those risks to an acceptable level. Measurement of risk factors plays an important role in the assessment of risk. This research proposes to develop risk assessment frameworks and mathematical model to identify the risk factors. Quantification and prioritization of risk factors will help to design controls, resource allocation policies and minimize the total cost. The proposed model can be applied to a complex system that is representative of actual business situations

MENTHA PIPERITA LINN: PHYTOCHEMICAL, ANTIBACTERIAL AND DIPTERIAN ADULTICIDAL APPROACH

Objective: There is an immense need to develop an alternative antimicrobial source for the treatment of several infectious diseases and restrict its vectors. So, evaluation of phytochemicals from Mentha piperita, its antibacterial and adulticidal potential was undertaken in the present study.Methods: The organic solvent of ethanol and water were used for the preparation of extract for the study. These extracts were analyzed for the qualitative and quantitative phytochemicals. Antimicrobial activity was determined by using agar well diffusion method, and Bioassay was carried out by "Sugar Bait" Method to check adulticidal potential. Results: The Mentha piperita were found a rich source of phytochemical compounds like diterpenes, steroids, tannin, flavonoids, cardial glycosides, alkaloids, phenols, coumarin, and saponin. Both the extracts possesses active antibacterial compounds which shown antibacterial activity. The aqueous (5% of 50 µl) and ethanolic (5% of 100 µl) extract (EA) were found as effective concentration. Salmonella typhimurium showed resistance against both the extracts. The aqueous extract (AE) has found with effective adulticidal potential. Hence it can be used to control and repel most popular disease spreading Dipterian vector, Musca domestica.Conclusion: These results confirm the presence of antibacterial, adulticidal compounds in Mentha piperita which gives an opportunity to explore the possible usage of Mentha piperita in the development of antibiotics and insecticides.Keywords: Mentha piperita L., Phytochemical analysis, Antibacterial, Adulticidal potentia