Anti-amnesic activity of Citrus aurantium flowers extract against scopolamine-induced memory impairments in rats

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurological disorder that mostly affects the elderly population. Learning and memory impairment as the most characteristic manifestation of dementia could be induced chemically by scopolamine, a cholinergic antagonist. Cholinergic neurotransmission mediated brain oxidative stress. Citrus aurantium (CA) has traditionally been used for the treatment of insomnia, anxiety and epilepsy. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of Citrus aurantium on scopolamine-induced learning and memory deficit in rats. Forty-two Wistar rats were divided into six equal groups. (1) Control (received saline), (2) SCOP (scopolamine at a dose of 1 mg/kg for 15 days), (3) and (4) SCOP + CA (scopolamine and CA extract at doses of 300 and 600 mg/kg per day for 15 days), (5) and (6) intact groups (CA extract at 300 and 600 mg/kg per day for 15 days, respectively). Administration of CA flower extract significantly restored memory and learning impairments induced by scopolamine in the passive avoidance test and also reduced escape latency during trial sessions in the Morris water maze test. Citrus aurantium flower extract significantly decreased the serum malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Citrus aurantium flower extract has repairing effects on memory and behavioral disorders produced by scopolamine and may have beneficial effects in the treatment of AD

The Correlation between Craniovertebral Angle and Scapular Dyskinesis in Adults

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Faulty neck posture causes many musculoskeletal disorders in the neck and shoulders. Considering the shared muscle attachments of the neck and the scapula, identifying the correlation between neck posture and scapular position can be effective in preventing shoulder pain. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the relationship between neck posture and static and dynamic scapular position. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 38 female students from the University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences without history of dysfunction in the shoulder and neck were selected and examined through nonprobability convenience sampling. Neck posture was examined by measuring the craniovertebral angle using diagnostic imaging techniques. The scapula – spine distance was measured using the ruler and the scapular winging was measured in hanging position of hand and during the flexion and scaption, and then the relationship between them and the craniovertebral angle was investigated. FINDINGS: Subjects with an average age of 24.71±3.02 participated in the study. There was a significant correlation between craniovertebral angle (51.09±5.73) and the scapular winging in flexion (r=0.38, p=0.01) and scaption (r=0.44, p=0.005). There was no significant relationship between the craniovertebral angle and the distance between the fourth thoracic vertebra (T4) and the inferior angle of the scapula (6.29±0.96) and the distance between inferior angle and the corresponding vertebral levels (7.80±0.93). CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that neck posture is correlated with scapular dyskinesis in a dynamic scapular position

Electric-field-induced alignment of electrically neutral disk-like particles: modelling and calculation

This work reveals a torque from electric field to electrically neutral flakes that are suspended in a higher electrical conductive matrix. The torque tends to rotate the particles toward an orientation with its long axis parallel to the electric current flow. The alignment enables the anisotropic properties of tiny particles to integrate together and generate desirable macroscale anisotropic properties. The torque was obtained from thermodynamic calculation of electric current free energy at various microstructure configurations. It is significant even when the electrical potential gradient becomes as low as 100 v/m. The changes of electrical, electroplastic and thermal properties during particles alignment were discussed

Lattice Boltzmann Simulation of Solid Particles Motion in a Three Dimensional Flow using Smoothed Profile Method

Three-dimensional particulate flow has been simulated using Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM). Solid-fluid interaction was modeled based on Smoothed Profile Method (SPM) (Jafari et. al, Lattice-Boltzmann method combined with smoothed-profile method for particulate suspensions, Phys. Rev. E, 2011). In this paper a GPU code based on three-dimensional lattice Boltzmann method and smoothed profile method has been prepared due to the ability of SPM-LBM to perform locally and in parallel mode. Results obtained for sedimentation of one and two spherical particles as well as their behavior in shear flow showed excellent correspondence with previous published works. Computations for a large number of particles sedimentation showed that combination of LBM and SPM on a GPU platform can be considered as an efficient and promising computational frame work in particulate flow simulations

Receipt of Cardiac Medications Upon Discharge Among Men and Women With Acute Coronary Syndrome and Nonobstructive Coronary Artery Disease

Background Management of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients with nonobstructive epicardial coronary artery disease (CAD) remains poorly understood. Hypothesis Acute coronary syndrome patients with nonobstructive CAD are less likely to receive effective cardiac medications upon discharge from the hospital. Methods We identified patients hospitalized with ACS that underwent coronary angiography and had a 6-month follow-up. Patients were grouped by CAD severity: nonobstructive CAD (<50% blockage in all vessels) or obstructive CAD (≥50% blockage in ≥ 1 vessels). Data were collected on demographics, medications at discharge, and adverse outcomes at 6 months, for all patients. Results Of the 2264 ACS patients included in the study: 123 patients had nonobstructive CAD and 2141 had obstructive CAD. Cardiac risk factors including hypertension and diabetes were common among patients with nonobstructive CAD. Men and women with nonobstructive CAD were less likely to receive cardiac medications compared to patients with obstructive CAD including aspirin (87.8% vs 95.0%, P = 0.001), Β-blockers (74.0% vs 89.2%, P < 0.001), or statins (69.1% vs 81.2%, P = 0.001). No gender-related differences in discharge medications were observed for patients with nonobstructive CAD. However, women with nonobstructive CAD had similar rates of cardiac-related rehospitalization as men with obstructive CAD (23.3% and 25.9%, respectively). Conclusions Patients with nonobstructive CAD are less likely to receive evidence-based medications compared to patients with obstructive CAD, despite the presence of CAD risk factors and occurrence of an ACS event. Further research is warranted to determine if receipt of effective cardiac medications among patients with nonobstructive CAD would reduce cardiac-related events. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/64902/1/20701_ftp.pd

Collection of information about sturgeon fish processing and processed products

Sturgeon is one of the most important fish. The important of these fish is related to the it’s caviar and meat. Addition of caviar and meat, other products which are produced from the other part of the fish like head, viscera, skin are also important. The remaining residue and waste processing sturgeon has been about 50 percent value-added capabilities into side products such as skin leather, glue the swim bladder, internal organs and the sauce ,as well as the production of medical products such as oil, protein, vitamins and health products such as cartilage capsules in cosmetic creams caviar pulp is , examples of these products are produced in other countries and industries for Sale Collection data from the processing view from the sturgeon fishes in this report has been tried and amount of data also collected, this report has been tried and good information’s also collected. This report is in privilege of national fish processing center a branch of fishery research institute of Iran, the data contains as ,Sturgeon fish meat processing, Sturgeon fish by-products, Sturgeon caviar processing

Ptch2/Gas1 and Ptch1/Boc differentially regulate Hedgehog signalling in murine primordial germ cell migration.

Gas1 and Boc/Cdon act as co-receptors in the vertebrate Hedgehog signalling pathway, but the nature of their interaction with the primary Ptch1/2 receptors remains unclear. Here we demonstrate, using primordial germ cell migration in mouse as a developmental model, that specific hetero-complexes of Ptch2/Gas1 and Ptch1/Boc mediate the process of Smo de-repression with different kinetics, through distinct modes of Hedgehog ligand reception. Moreover, Ptch2-mediated Hedgehog signalling induces the phosphorylation of Creb and Src proteins in parallel to Gli induction, identifying a previously unknown Ptch2-specific signal pathway. We propose that although Ptch1 and Ptch2 functionally overlap in the sequestration of Smo, the spatiotemporal expression of Boc and Gas1 may determine the outcome of Hedgehog signalling through compartmentalisation and modulation of Smo-downstream signalling. Our study identifies the existence of a divergent Hedgehog signal pathway mediated by Ptch2 and provides a mechanism for differential interpretation of Hedgehog signalling in the germ cell niche

Investigation on the effects of different batters on quality of breaded kilka

The aim of this study was investigated to produce of new product using by Caspian Sea Anchovy (Kilka) with different sensory and textural properties .To achievement this purpose, breaded kilka was coated ( row and fried) using with common and Tempora batter. For determination of quality assessment and shelf life, samples were stored at freezer (-18°C). Results showed that frying of Breaded kilka affect total fat content and moisture, so that significant reduction in moisture value and increase in fat content of fried kilka was found in compared with raw breaded kilka (p<0.05). Protein content of both treatments in compared with fresh fish meat was significantly different. Comparison of four treatments showed that a significant increase in the amount of peroxide, thiobarbituric acid and free fatty acids in fried kilka samples which indicates high fat oxidation during the frying process. Also total count of microrganisms and Coliforms was reduced after frying process. According to ICMSE Standard, all of samples had a high quality at processing time. According to the results, using of Tempora batter improved sensory properties of breaded kilka. Difference of taste, tenderness and adhesiveness of two types of batter in products was significant (p< 0.05) as the sensory properties of breaded kilka with Tempora batter in compared with common batter were high in different phase of storage. with due attention to progressing of oxidative deterioration in breaded kilka at forth months after production and decreased of sensory properties, we found that the shelf life of row , fried breaded kilka was 3 month at frozen condition (-18°C)

Improvement the texture properties and acceptability of silver carp investigation on possibility of burger by addition pectin in the fish burger material

In this study the physical properties of silver carp burger over a period of six months at a temperature of -18 ċ were studied using pectin. Indicators such as hardness texture, juiciness, flavor and overall acceptance of the product containing. The product were evaluated using qualified assessors، the microbial, chemical markers to evaluate the qualitative change such as peroxide treatments, total volatile nitrogen bases ، total count of bacteria and examined psychotropic of tests six months of treatments carried out on a monthly basis. The results indicate that the addition of pectin 0.3 percent of total admissions acceptance of burgers tissue was obtained and significant differences are. The chemical test results were also increased with storage time burger in refrigerators -18 degrees. Range of volatile nitrogen bases out of 15.2±1.2 at the time of 26/5±1.17 mg/100, the peroxide from 0.6±0.61 to 3/56±0.6 meq/kg of oxygen was. Thus despite a significant increase in indicators of physical Chemical and sensory evaluation of texture analysis. In the past six months storage period of -18 degrees, burger productive uses of pectin 0/3 percent of the limit between acceptable and will was