Glutathione Peroxidase Activity Assay with Colorimetric Method and Microplate Reading Format and Comparison with Chemiluminescence Method

Glutathione peroxidase (GPX) has a key role in the protection of organisms from oxidative damage. Many diseases and disorders are associated with changes in GPX activity. Therefore, its activity assay can be crucial in prevention, diagnosis and treatment of them. Several companies produce GPX activity assay kit but it is being imported to Iran which is expensive and time-consuming. This research has been done to investigate a simple, rapid and inexpensive method for GPX activity assay. In this study, GPX reduced cumene hydroperoxide while oxidized glutathione (GSH) to GSSG. The generated GSSG was reduced to GSH with consumption of NADPH by glutathione reductase. The decrease of NADPH absorption which was proportional to GPX activity measured at 340 nm with microplate reading format. Sensitivity, precision and accuracy have been examined. The results obtained by the colorimetric method compared with chemiluminescence method and correlation coefficient has been determined. Sensitivity of this method was 15 mU/ml. The coefficient of variation percent for intra and inter assay was less than 9.7 %. According to parallelism and recovery tests, ratio % and recovery %  ranged from 91% to 112% and correlation coefficient between the two methods was 0.9898 (n=60). Data from this study showed that the method has an acceptable sensitivity, precision and accuracy and can be suitable for both clinical and research studies. Indeed, this study is the first step of domestic commercial kit production purpose

Total Antioxidant Capacity Determination with Colorimetric Method and Microplate Reading Format and Comparison with Chemilumin Essence Assay

Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) is related to a variety of molecules that protect biological systems against reactive oxygen species (ROS). The importance of total antioxidants results in the requirement of TAC assay methods. This study is done to design a simple, rapid and inexpensive method for TAC measurement. In this method, ABTS (2, 2′-azino-bis [3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid]) was incubated with met myoglobin and H2O2 to produce green radical cation ABTS+. Antioxidants were suppressed the color production, thereby reducing the intensity of the color that was proportional to the concentration of antioxidants, measured at 600nm with a microplate reading format. Trolox was served as a standard or control antioxidant. Sensitivity, precision and accuracy were examined to check the validity of the method. Sensitivity of this method was 0.10 U/ml. The coefficient of variation percent for intra and inter assay was less than 9.6%. According to parallelism and recovery tests, ratio% and recovery% ranged from 90.9-108% and correlation coefficient in comparison with the sensitive chemiluminescence method was 0.9897 (n=60). Data from this study showed that this method has a good sensitivity, precision and accuracy and can be suitable for clinical and research uses

Glutathione Peroxidase Activity Assay with Colorimetric Method and Microplate Reading Format and Comparison with Chemiluminescence Method

Glutathione peroxidase (GPX) has a key role in the protection of organisms from oxidative damage. Many diseases and disorders are associated with changes in GPX activity. Therefore, its activity assay can be crucial in prevention, diagnosis and treatment of them. Several companies produce GPX activity assay kit but it is being imported to Iran which is expensive and time-consuming. This research has been done to investigate a simple, rapid and inexpensive method for GPX activity assay. In this study, GPX reduced cumene hydroperoxide while oxidized glutathione (GSH) to GSSG. The generated GSSG was reduced to GSH with consumption of NADPH by glutathione reductase. The decrease of NADPH absorption which was proportional to GPX activity measured at 340 nm with microplate reading format. Sensitivity, precision and accuracy have been examined. The results obtained by the colorimetric method compared with chemiluminescence method and correlation coefficient has been determined. Sensitivity of this method was 15 mU/ml. The coefficient of variation percent for intra and inter assay was less than 9.7 %. According to parallelism and recovery tests, ratio % and recovery %  ranged from 91% to 112% and correlation coefficient between the two methods was 0.9898 (n=60). Data from this study showed that the method has an acceptable sensitivity, precision and accuracy and can be suitable for both clinical and research studies. Indeed, this study is the first step of domestic commercial kit production purpose

Intercomparisons of some dust models over West Asia

Evaluation and assessment of dust model results is of primary importance to get a better understanding of the models' performance, and therefore, enhancing the models' set up and structure. Besides some SDS-WAS dust models, two other high resolution WRF-Chem runs have been carried out for two dust episodes over the West Asia with alterations in the soil erodibility fields as one of the primary criteria of dust sources. The main aim of this article was to investigate the high resolution WRF-Chem modeling with the default and altered soil erosion, against the WMO SDS-WAS models. In this paper we investigated the application of WRF-Chem dust modeling for the region of interest (Iran), which cannot be seen entirely by the SDS-WAS models' domains. Comparisons of modelled dust surface concentrations with ground based measurements on 8 air quality stations show that the high resolution WRF-Chem could more or less lead to better predictions. For some cases, the results of the high resolution WRF-Chem unexpectedly presented a declined performance, which indicate that the improvements in the horizontal resolution and soil erodibility could not always lead to improved dust predictions, and more factors such as the model set-up and structure should be considered

A review on curcumin colon-targeted oral drug delivery systems for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease

Synthetic drugs and monoclonal antibodies are the typical treatments to combat inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, side effects are present when these treatments are used, and their continued application could be restricted by the high relapse rate of the disease. One potential alternative to these treatments is the use of plant-derived products. The use curcumin is one such treatment option that has seen an increase in usage in treating IBD. Curcumin is derived from a rhizome of turmeric (Curcuma longa), and the results of studies on the use of curcumin to treat IBD are promising. These studies suggest that curcumin interacts with cellular targets such as NF-κB, JAKs/STATs, MAPKs, TNF-α, IL-6, PPAR, and TRPV1 and may reduce the progression of IBD. Potentially, curcumin can be used as a therapeutic agent for patients with IBD when it reduces the incidence of clinical relapse. This review discusses the strategies utilized in designing and developing an oral colonic delivery dosage form of curcumin

Comparing knowledge and opinions of medical and dental students in the field of pediatric anesthesia

Background and Purpose: Dental treatment under general anesthesia (GA) is one of the common treatment methods today for dental treatment in children, so dentists' point of view in this field is very important. Therefore, the purpose of this study was evaluation the awareness and attitude of pediatric dentists and final-year dental students about dental treatment for children under GA. Methods: To conduct this study, 150 people, including 75 general dentists (GD) and 75 final-year dental students (FYDS), were randomly selected in Tehran. In this study, a researcher-made questionnaire containing 15 questions (7 awareness questions and 8 attitude questions) was used to evaluate the awareness and attitude of the participants. After extracting the raw results, statistical analysis of the results was done using SPSS-Ver. 22 software. Results: 60% of the participants (90 people) were men and the remaining 40% (60 people) were women. The results showed that the level of awareness of male dentists was significantly higher than that of female dentists (P = 0.015). In addition, although the awareness level of FYDS was lower than GD, this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.130). The average level of awareness among different age groups had a significant difference (P = 0.009), so the age group of 36-45 years compared to the younger age groups (25-35 years) and the older age groups (36-45 and 55 -46 years), had a higher level of awareness. Conclusion: According to the findings, it can be concluded that it is necessary to use appropriate educational methods to improve the level of awareness and attitude of children's dentists

The effect of Spirulina supplementation on lipid profile: GRADE-assessed systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of data from randomized controlled trials

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are one of the most important causes of death worldwide. Dyslipidemia is one of the main causal risk factors for CVD that can be controlled by modifying lifestyle, which entails the use of healthy diets containing functional foods. The present study was conducted to summarize the effects of Spirulina on the lipid profile in previous randomized controlled trials. Methods: MEDLINE, Scopus, Clarivate Analytics Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library databases were searched systematically until January 2023, for clinical interventions that investigated the effect of Spirulina supplementation on plasma lipid profile concentrations. Results: ooled results of 20 studies (with 23 arms and 1076 participants) indicated that Spirulina intervention significantly reduced LDL-C (SMD: −0.6, 95% CI: −0.9, −0.2, P<0.05), TC (SMD: −0.6, 95% CI: −0.9, −0.2, P<0.05) and TG (SMD: −0.6, 95% CI: −0.9, −0.2, P<0.05) levels while HDL-C levels were significantly increased (SMD: 0.3, 95% CI: 0.0, 0.6, P<0.05). Conclusions: The findings of the present meta-analysis and review show the usefulness of supplementing with Spirulina in improving serum levels of TC, TG, LDL-C, and HDL-C