A Dwarf Form of \u3ci\u3eEuptoieta Claudia\u3c/i\u3e (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)

During a collecting vacation in August, 1970, I captured several specimens of Euptoieta claudia (Cramer). After spreading the catch, the interesting gradation shown in the accompanying photograph was noted. Figure 1 shows a wing span range from 1 318\u27\u27 \u27to 2

Impact of consumer behavior on furan and furan-derivative exposure during coffee consumption : a comparison between brewing methods and drinking preferences

This study examined the influence of consumer behavior on furan, 2-methylfuran, 3-methylfuran, 2,5-dimethylfuran and 2,3-dimethylfuran exposure in coffee. Coffees brewed using a filter, fully automatic, capsule machine or reconstituted instant coffee were found to have a significant different cup concentrations of furan derivatives. Coffee brewed with the fully automatic machine contained the highest furan and furan derivative concentrations (99.05 µg/L furan, 263.91 µg/L 2-methylfuran, 13.15 µg/L 3-methylfuran and 8.44 µg/L 2,5-dimethylfuran) whereas soluble coffee did not contain detectable levels, thereby contributing least to a consumer’s dietary exposure. Furan and furan derivative concentrations were found to decrease significantly upon cooling, reducing consumer exposure by 8.0-17.2% on average once the coffee reached drinking temperature 55-60°C, in ceramic cups. Serving coffee in a ceramic or disposable cup were found to influence the cooling dynamics of the coffee but did not statistically influence the consumers exposure at a given temperature

Effect of Emotional Cues on Memory Recall and Response Time

Combining electroencephalography, the recording of the brain\u27s electrical activity, with other psychological research techniques allows the link between memory and emotion to be investigated. This study, which is currently in the pilot phase, investigates the effect of emotions on performance in a memory test. Subjects are shown written memory cues with or without accompanying photos of strong facially-expressed emotions and later prompted to recall the written cues. By monitoring brain activity and recall success rate, emotion\u27s effect on memory in this context can be determined, including what brain regions are stimulated by the emotion-memory link and the improvement or impairment of memory skills under the effect of outside emotional cues

Moths Taken in Berrien County, Michigan (with 102 New County Records)

(excerpt) Moore (1955) published a listing of the moths of Michigan, exclusive of the Tineoidea, Other writers (anon., 1968; Voss, 1970) have extended the list of Michigan records. During the fall of 1970, and through the summer of 1971, I lived in Sawyer, Berrien County and collected a number of records new for that area. At the encouragement of M.C. Nielsen, a listing of these records is made available

Photosynthesis is widely distributed among Proteobacteria as demonstrated by the phylogeny of PufLM reaction center proteins

Two different photosystems for performing bacteriochlorophyll-mediated photosynthetic energy conversion are employed in different bacterial phyla. Those bacteria employing a photosystem II type of photosynthetic apparatus include the phototrophic purple bacteria (Proteobacteria), Gemmatimonas and Chloroflexus with their photosynthetic relatives. The proteins of the photosynthetic reaction center PufL and PufM are essential components and are common to all bacteria with a type-II photosynthetic apparatus, including the anaerobic as well as the aerobic phototrophic Proteobacteria. Therefore, PufL and PufM proteins and their genes are perfect tools to evaluate the phylogeny of the photosynthetic apparatus and to study the diversity of the bacteria employing this photosystem in nature. Almost complete pufLM gene sequences and the derived protein sequences from 152 type strains and 45 additional strains of phototrophic Proteobacteria employing photosystem II were compared. The results give interesting and comprehensive insights into the phylogeny of the photosynthetic apparatus and clearly define Chromatiales, Rhodobacterales, Sphingomonadales as major groups distinct from other Alphaproteobacteria, from Betaproteobacteria and from Caulobacterales (Brevundimonas subvibrioides). A special relationship exists between the PufLM sequences of those bacteria employing bacteriochlorophyll b instead of bacteriochlorophyll a. A clear phylogenetic association of aerobic phototrophic purple bacteria to anaerobic purple bacteria according to their PufLM sequences is demonstrated indicating multiple evolutionary lines from anaerobic to aerobic phototrophic purple bacteria. The impact of pufLM gene sequences for studies on the environmental diversity of phototrophic bacteria is discussed and the possibility of their identification on the species level in environmental samples is pointed out. © 2018 Imhoff, Rahn, Künzel and Neulinger