The Psychological Effects of Exercise on Perceived Stress in Athlete Staff: Presenting a Theoretical Model

Background: The study is intended to examine a model of direct and indirect effects (through mediating role of self-assessment latent variable containing self-efficacy and self-esteem components) of sports mental toughness construct (including the components of confidence, consistency and control) on perceived stress of athlete employees. Method: The research design of study was correlational and its approach was structural equations. The population were all athlete employees at National Iranian Gas Company (NIGC) 400 of whom were selected with simple random method. The applied instruments were reliable and valid. Data analysis was performed using macro program of Preacher and Hayes in SPSS-19 software and also using AMOS-20 software. Results: The results indicated that the direct path of the proposed model should be eliminated and after eliminating this path, the model’s fitness parameters were optimized. Conclusion: According to the data of this research it can be concluded that one of the mechanisms of sport’s impact on perceived stress of employees is that first, it influences the three aspects of sports mental toughness and then, a mixture of these variables’ effects improve this employees’ perceived stress through increasing the self- assessment construct of them (and its components)

The Psychological Effects of Exercise on Perceived Stress in Athlete Staff: Presenting a Theoretical Model

Background: The study is intended to examine a model of direct and indirect effects (through mediating role of self-assessment latent variable containing self-efficacy and self-esteem components) of sports mental toughness construct (including the components of confidence, consistency and control) on perceived stress of athlete employees. Method: The research design of study was correlational and its approach was structural equations. The population were all athlete employees at National Iranian Gas Company (NIGC) 400 of whom were selected with simple random method. The applied instruments were reliable and valid. Data analysis was performed using macro program of Preacher and Hayes in SPSS-19 software and also using AMOS-20 software. Results: The results indicated that the direct path of the proposed model should be eliminated and after eliminating this path, the model’s fitness parameters were optimized. Conclusion: According to the data of this research it can be concluded that one of the mechanisms of sport’s impact on perceived stress of employees is that first, it influences the three aspects of sports mental toughness and then, a mixture of these variables’ effects improve this employees’ perceived stress through increasing the self- assessment construct of them (and its components)

ROLE IN FAMILY OF CHILDREN WITH & WITHOUT ANXIETY DISORDERS

ABSTRACT Family is a network of people that are the immediate psychological and social environment to child which plays an important role in his/her life. Research has focused on defining which types of child anxiety disorders are traced by family members' role. Data were derived from individuals who were chose n from two elementary of all elementary school boy students of fourth and fifth grade helping from cluster sampling. Then, role in family and anxiety disorders were tested using Family Action device and Spence Anxiety scale. Sample t-test revealed a significant difference between role in family of children with & without total anxiety, panic, separation anxiety, physical damage phobia, social anxiety, and obsessivecompulsive disorder with 99% confidence but it wasn't found any difference between role in fa mily of children with & without generalized anxiety. Thereupon, role in family had different effect in variant groups of anxiety, whereas it must be one of the factors of etiology in children with total anxiety, panic, separation anxiety, physical damage phobia, social anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. The study extended family system theory about anxiety disorders and offered information for practitioners working with family

Psychometric Properties of the Positive Meta-Cognitions and Meta-Emotions Questionnaire in athletes

Aim: Metacognition refers to self-knowledge, control and monitoring of one’s own thinking and emotional processes, such a metacognition and metaemotion is consisted of: a) confidence in extinguishing perseverative thoughts and emotions b) confidence in interpreting own emotions as cues, restraining from immediate reaction and mind-setting for problem-solving c) confidence in setting flexible and feasible hierarchies of goals. the purpose of the present research was: a) to detemine psychometric properties of the positive metacognitions and meta-emotions questionnaire (PMCEQ) in athletes b) to explore differences for gender, age-group, duration and types of physical activity in positive metacognition c) to analyze the relationship between the positive metacognitions and sports-related motivations and goals. Method: The sample consisted of 307 men and women athletes of 7 sport clups in Jahrom city which selected by use of claster random sampling. Finding: The factor analyses showed the presence of a three-dimensional structure of PMCEQ which determine 47.24% of total variance explained of metacognition. The positive metacognition differences were found as regard gender, age, duration and types of physical activity. There were significant correlations between PMCEQ and metacognition questionnaire-30, sport self-regulation and goal orientation questionnaires. Data were indicative of acceptable level of Cronbach’s alpha (.83) and split-half (.86) reliability coefficients of positive metacognition and metaemotion questionnaire totally. Concolution: The results of the present study seem to indicate the substantial adequacy of this instrument to measure positive metacognition and metaemotion in the domain of sport and physical activity