On Identifying the Motivating Factors of Job & Career Satisfaction of IT Professionals in Dhaka City of Bangladesh

An effective organization will make sure that there is a spirit of cooperation and sense of commitment and satisfaction within the sphere of its influence. In today’s dynamic and ever changing environment the job & career satisfaction has emerged as the key fact for motivating employees towards the organizational goals and objectives. This issue has also been identified as one of the most important issues in today’s all sector. Information technology (IT) has in the recent times dominated all aspect of the business world, and, for this reason, today's business environment is more challenging and more dynamic than in previous years. In the development of information and communication technology (ICT), the fact of job & career satisfaction is becoming more complex day by day. To cope with the changes and upcoming challenges, organizations must identify the factors, which have profound impact on organizational performance as well as job satisfaction. This study is important because companies need to know the effects of job satisfaction to IT personnel and to the corporation as a whole. Unfortunately, very insufficient number of studies has been conducted in this area context of Bangladesh. This study is important because companies need to know the effects of job satisfaction to IT personnel and to the corporation as a whole. This study will help companies and company executives to understand that integrating the use of IT into their business in order to maximize profit and optimum performance depends on the level of satisfaction given to the IT professionals. This study focused on examining job satisfaction of Information Technology professionals in the Dhaka city of Bangladesh, paying particular attention to the most important factors of job satisfaction for IT workers. This paper determines the association between different characteristics of the respondents and the level of Job satisfaction among IT professional in Dhaka city. This paper also determines the key factors of Job satisfaction like salary, supervision, working environment, personal growth, training and promotion are the sources or determiners of satisfaction of IT professional in Dhaka city of Bangladesh which gives IT leaders and management the perception and vision to tackle job satisfaction issues in the IT environment. Keywords: Job & Career Satisfaction, Information Technology, Logistic Regression, Banglades

On the Selection of Samples in Probability Proportional to Size Sampling: Cumulative Relative Frequency Method

Generally in the sense that, the unit with large size contain more ancillary information than the unit with smaller size. So when samples from different sized subgroups or units are used and sampling is taken with the same probability, the chances of selecting a member from a large group are less than selecting a member from a smaller group although here the chances of selecting a member from a large group will be greater than selecting a member from a smaller group. That is it is clear that, the probability of selecting a unit is positively proportional to its size. The aim of this paper is to propose a method of selecting samples in probability proportional to size. This method uses relative frequency to select samples in probability proportional to size. Comparatively it takes less time and easy to apply than Cumulative Total Method and Lahiri’s Method.   Keywords: Probability Proportional to Size (PPS) Sampling, Cumulative Total Method, Lahiri’s Method, Cumulative Relative Frequency Method.

A New (Proposed) Formula for Interpolation and Comparison with Existing Formula of Interpolation

The word “interpolation” originates from the Latin verb interpolare, a contraction of “inter,” meaning “between,” and “polare,” meaning “to polish.” That is to say, to smooth in between given pieces of information. A number of different methods have been developed to construct useful interpolation formulas for evenly and unevenly spaced points. The aim of this paper is to develop a central difference interpolation formula which is derived from Gauss’s Backward Formula and another formula in which we retreat the subscripts in Gauss’s Forward Formula by one unit and replacing by . Also, we make the comparisons of the developed interpolation formula with the existing interpolation formulas based on differences. Results show that the new formula is very efficient and posses good accuracy for evaluating functional values between given data. Keywords: Interpolation, Central Difference, Gauss’s Formula

Hybrid Heterostructures for SPR Biosensor

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) based biosensors have been enormously studied in the last decade for their better sensitivity. In recent years hybrid heterostructures are getting popularity to implement these SPR biosensors for their superior sensing capability. This chapter demonstrates the details of SPR technology with two recently studied prism-based hybrid heterostructures. These heterostructures are made up of conventional SPR biosensors with two additional layers of recently invented transition metal dichalcogenides, platinum di-selenide (PtSe2), and highly sensitive 2D material, tungsten di-sulfide (WS2). Angular interrogation method is discussed to investigate the sensing capabilities of the sensors which prove the superiority of the Ag-PtSe2-WS2 structure. The sensing capability of this structure has been found at least 1.67 times higher than that of the conventional non-hybrid structures, respectively, with comparable FOM and QF. A comparison table has been provided at the end of this chapter which also shows the impressive performance of the hybrid heterostructures for SPR biosensors. Proper demonstration with a suitable example of this chapter will emphasize the potential use of hybrid heterostructure based SPR biosensors in prospective medical diagnostics and biomedical detection applications

Hard Combination Data Fusion for Cooperative Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio

This paper presents a study of hard combination data fusion for cooperative spectrum sensing in Cognitive Radio (CR). We evaluated the performance of cooperative spectrum sensing with the hard combination OR, AND and MAJORITY rules. Energy detection technique is used to sense the presence of primary user (PU) signal. Simulation result shows that cooperative spectrum sensing with OR rule is the best among hard combination data fusion in Cognitive Radio and gives the better performance than AND and MAJORITY rules.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v2i6.181

PHOTOLYTIC DEGRADATION STUDY ON FILM COATED ATENOLOL TABLET AVAILABLE IN MARKET

Objective: Despite its sensitivity to light, atenolol has been manufactured as a film-coated tablet with normal blister packaging by several pharmaceutical companies in Bangladesh. The aim of this study was to investigate the extent of light-induced potency degradation of a randomly selected film coated brand of atenolol.Methods: Atenolol tablets were exposed to different lighting conditions such as normal room light, direct sunlight and different incandescent lights (25W and 40W). Subsequently, UV spectroscopy technique was employed to determine the relative reduction of light absorbance compared to their respective controls. Thereafter, photolytic degradation was calculated by means of the potency reduction of tablets.Results: In all lighting conditions, atenolol tablets underwent exposure dependent gradual decrease in potency. Except for normal room light condition, a significant decrease in potency was found even after 4 to 6 h of exposure to all lighting conditions. After 6 h, potency reduction was found at 40-47%, 26-38% and 34-36% in the samples exposed to direct sunlight, 25 W bulb, and 40 W bulb respectively. Although the shelf life of the film coated tables was 2 y, surprisingly, statistically significant reduction in potency was observed within only 30 d in room light condition.Conclusion: In order to protect from light, blister packaging is not sufficient for film coated atenolol tablets. Photo-stability of all brands of atenolol must be ensured either by protective packaging materials or by optimizing the formulations

Squamous cell carcinoma developed on hypertropic lichen planus

Carcinoma occurring in the cutaneous lesions of Lichen Planus though rarely mentioned in literature does occw-and should be kept in mind while treating such lesions. We report a 30 year female who developed a squamous cell carcinoma in a long standing hypertropic lichen planus in the lower leg. This case is being presented to indicate the possibility of malignant transformation of cutaneous lichen planus to carcinoma, especially in the hypertrophic fonns and the need to have an early diagnosis so that it can be treated in the initial stages. A high degree of suspicion should be present when­ever we come across a non healing lesion in a patient with lichen planus. A few markers, which may give us a clue for increased chances of malignant transformation in these cases is presented

Fast and accurate fault detection and classification in transmission lines using extreme learning machine

To provide stability and a continuous supply of power, the detection and classification of faults in the transmission lines (TLs) are crucial in this modern age. It is required to remove a faulty section from a healthy section to provide safety and to minimize power loss due to the fault. In the contemporary world, machine learning (ML) is extensively used in every aspect of life. In this study, a spontaneous fault detection (FD) and fault classification (FC) system based on ML has been proposed. MATLAB Simulink was employed to simulate two different TLs and to generate normal and fault data (Per unit voltage and current) of ten different types. TL-1 consisted of a single generator and a single load whereas TL-2 consisted of two generators and three loads. Upon normalizing the data, an extreme learning machine (ELM) algorithm was used as the classifier. Two different ELM models were developed for FD and FC purposes through training. The method achieved fault classification accuracies of 99.18% and 99.09% for the TL-1 and TL-2 respectively. On the other hand, fault detection accuracies of 99.53% and 99.60% were achieved for the TL-1 and TL-2. The proposed ELM model compared to a traditional artificial neural network (ANN) model demonstrated relatively a shorter processing time and reduced computational complexity. In addition, the proposed method outperformed the existing state-of-the-art methods

What shapes attitudes on gender roles among adolescents in Bangladesh

Background In Bangladesh, large gender differentials exist in outcomes in almost all spheres of life, stemming from conservative norms and attitudes around gender. Adolescence is a crucial period for social-emotional learning that can shape gender norms and attitudes.ObjectiveThe aim of the paper is to investigate the extent to which adolescents hold egalitarian attitudes toward gender roles, and to examine the factors that influence egalitarian gender attitudes. Methods The paper uses data from a nationally representative sample survey of 7,800 unmarried girls and 5,523 unmarried boys ages 15–19 years. Adolescents were considered to have egalitarian attitudes on gender role if they disagreed with all the following four unequal gender role statements with regards to socio-economic participation, while respondents who agreed with any one of the four statements were considered to have non-egalitarian attitudes: (1) It is important that sons have more education than daughters, (2) Outdoor games are only for boys, not girls, (3) Household chores are for women only, not for men, even if the woman works outside the home, and (4) Women should not be allowed to work outside the home. Multivariable linear probability regression analysis was implemented to identify the factors shaping attitudes on gender roles. Results Unmarried girls and boys differ hugely in their views on gender roles regarding socio economic participation-girls were much more egalitarian than boys (58 vs. 19%). The multivariate linear probability model results show girls and boys who completed at least grade 10 were 31% points and 15% points more likely to have egalitarian views on gender roles respectively, compared to girls and boys with primary or less education. Having strong connection with parents is associated with having egalitarian views on gender roles among girls but not boys. Adolescents' individual attitude on gender role is highly associated with the views of their community peers for both girls and boys. Girls and boys who had participated in adolescent programs were 6–7% points more likely to have egalitarian attitude than those who were not exposed to these programs. Egalitarian views were also significantly higher, by 5% points among girls and 6% points among boys, who were members of social organizations compared to those who were not. Watching television had positive influence on egalitarian attitudes among girls but not among boys. To create a more egalitarian society, both men and women need to hold progressive attitudes toward gender roles. The interventions must be multilevel, influencing adolescents at the personal, interpersonal, communal, and societal levels