Eneterotoksični Staphylococcus aureus u uzorcima mlijeka krava, deva, ovaca, koza i bivolica uzetima iz cisterni.

The aim of this study was to determine the ability to produce enterotoxins and enterotoxin types A through E produced among S. aureus isolated from bulk tank milk in Fars, Iran by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. From September 2010 to July 2011 a total of 200 cow (n = 50), sheep (n = 40), goat (n = 40), camel (n = 30), and buffalo (n = 40) bulk milk samples were collected from 46 randomly selected herds in Fars provinces, Iran. In this study, 22 of 200 raw milk samples (11.0%) were found to be contaminated with S. aureus. The highest prevalence of S. aureus was found in buffalo milk (17.5%), followed by cow (16.0%), sheep (10.0%), goat (7.5%), and camel (3.4%). The ability to synthesize classical enterotoxins was found in 15 of 22 (68.2%) isolates. Six isolates (27.3%) produced SEA, 4 isolates (18.2%) produced SEC, 3 isolates (13.6%) produced SED, 1 isolate (5.0%) produced SEB, and 1 isolate (5.6%) produced both SEA and SEC (5.0%). No SEE was identified in raw milk samples. This study indicates that the presence of enterotoxigenic S. aureus in raw milk may contribute to the sources of staphylococcal food poisoning in Iran.Imunoenzimnim testom određivana je sposobnost proizvodnje enterotoksina i tipova enterotoksina od A do E što ih proizvode izolati bakterije S. aureus izdvojeni iz mlijeka sakupljenog u cisternama u Farsu u Iranu. Od rujna 2010. do srpnja 2011. bilo je ukupno prikupljeno 200 uzoraka mlijeka iz cisterni i to kravljeg (n = 50), ovčjeg (n = 40), kozjeg (n = 40), devinog (n =30) i bivoljeg (n = 40). Mlijeko je potjecalo iz 46 nasumce odabranih stada na području Farsa u Iranu. Od 200 pretraženih uzoraka sirova mlijeka 22 uzorka (11,0%) bila su onečišćena bakterijom S. aureus. Najveća prevalencija bakterije S. aureus dokazana je u uzorcima bivoljeg mlijeka (17,5%), zatim u uzorcima kravljeg (16,0%), ovčjeg (10,0%), kozjeg (7,5%) te devinog (3,4%) mlijeka. Sposobnost proizvodnje klasičnih enterotoksina dokazana je u 15 od 22 (68,2%) izolata. Šest izolata (27,3%) proizvodilo je stafilokokni enterotoksin A, četiri izolata (18,2%) enterotoksin C, tri (13,6%) enterotoksin D, jedan izolat (5,0%) enteroksin B, te jedan izolat (5,0%) istodobno enterotoksin A i C. U pretraženim uzorcima sirova mlijeka nije bio dokazan stafilokokni enteroksin E. Istraživanje je pokazalo da prisutnost enterotoksigenih sojeva bakterije S. aureus u sirovu mlijeku može biti uzrok trovanja hranom u Iranu

Co-authorship patterns and networks in the scientific publications of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences

The increasing amount of scientific collaboration has led to an increase  in the quality of scientific publications. The goal of this article is to analyze the co-authorship patterns and networks in SBUMS’s scientific publications in WOS from 2009 to 2013. Hence, the co-authorship indicators and ratio of national to international collaborations are determined. This research is a descriptive survey including scientometric approaches. HistCite and NWB software is used to draw and analyze the networks. The findings show that the scientific publications of SBUMS are 6633 publications. The most productive authors are Fereidoun Azizi and Mohamad Reza Zali. The maximum number of scientific publications is allocated to the articles written by more than 5 authors. Collaborative Index (CI), Degree of Collaboration (DC), and Collaborative Coefficient (CC) are 4.27, 0.96, and 0.71 respectively. The ratio of national to international collaborations is 4.78. In co-authorship networks, there are 12825 nodes (authors) that are linked with 97618 edges. The highest degree and betweenness centrality belongs to Masjedi showing the communication paths of other nodes overtaking them. The most international collaboration belongs to the USA. The collaboration of authors in SBUMS is almost good but the international collaboration is not so. Encouraging policies for the further collaboration of authors surely leads to increasing the quality and quantity of the scientific publications. It is recommended to repeat the network analysis in different periods of time.

Comparing Type 2 Diabetes Logbooks in Selected Countries

Context: According to the wide range of patients with type 2 diabetes and their unique characteristics, the process of treatment should be personalized for them. The most important step towards treatment and care of them is preparing daily reports by patients in logbooks. Diabetes organizations and associations have provided various logbooks for diabetic patients, with different structures. Evidence Acquisition: In this review study, articles and documents relating to type 2 diabetes logbooks were collected from relevant databases. From 60 articles, 28 titles including 23 articles related to type 2 diabetes and five logbooks from various diabetes organization were selected. The criterion for the selection was the validity of the organization offering the logbooks. Then, their data elements were compared. Results: The findings showed that the data elements of blood glucose, physical activity, meal and medication are fundamental data to record in type 2 diabetes logbooks. However, different organizations have considered different data elements for their logbooks and the number of their data elements is different from each other. In addition, few logbooks included all data elements. Conclusion: To achieve the best results from personalization of care in type 2 diabetes patients, it is necessary to record measurable self-care behaviors so that the process of the disease is completely controllable. Therefore, it is necessary for diabetes logbooks to have all these necessary elements so that the physician would make decisions based on sufficient data and the process of treatment would come in effective

eHealth Equity: Current Perspectives

Health justice is something that every country in the world needs. However, the existence of health disparities among different social groups and geographical regions in various countries of the world is inevitable. These health inequalities are a major obstacle in achieving health justice. There are a number of factors affecting health equity such as socio-economic status, education level, age, religion, geographical position, racial and ethnical differences, gender minorities, environmental factors, accessibility level to healthcare services and resources, and also the quality of healthcare. Although eHealth has the potential of eliminating health inequalities leading to the establishment of health justice, it is essential that governments and health policy makers provide some measures to diminish major barriers facing the society members especially the elderly, poor, uneducated, and disabled people when implementing it. This can result in attaining the advantages of eHealth for establishing health equity

Eneterotoksični Staphylococcus aureus u uzorcima mlijeka krava, deva, ovaca, koza i bivolica uzetima iz cisterni.

The aim of this study was to determine the ability to produce enterotoxins and enterotoxin types A through E produced among S. aureus isolated from bulk tank milk in Fars, Iran by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. From September 2010 to July 2011 a total of 200 cow (n = 50), sheep (n = 40), goat (n = 40), camel (n = 30), and buffalo (n = 40) bulk milk samples were collected from 46 randomly selected herds in Fars provinces, Iran. In this study, 22 of 200 raw milk samples (11.0%) were found to be contaminated with S. aureus. The highest prevalence of S. aureus was found in buffalo milk (17.5%), followed by cow (16.0%), sheep (10.0%), goat (7.5%), and camel (3.4%). The ability to synthesize classical enterotoxins was found in 15 of 22 (68.2%) isolates. Six isolates (27.3%) produced SEA, 4 isolates (18.2%) produced SEC, 3 isolates (13.6%) produced SED, 1 isolate (5.0%) produced SEB, and 1 isolate (5.6%) produced both SEA and SEC (5.0%). No SEE was identified in raw milk samples. This study indicates that the presence of enterotoxigenic S. aureus in raw milk may contribute to the sources of staphylococcal food poisoning in Iran.Imunoenzimnim testom određivana je sposobnost proizvodnje enterotoksina i tipova enterotoksina od A do E što ih proizvode izolati bakterije S. aureus izdvojeni iz mlijeka sakupljenog u cisternama u Farsu u Iranu. Od rujna 2010. do srpnja 2011. bilo je ukupno prikupljeno 200 uzoraka mlijeka iz cisterni i to kravljeg (n = 50), ovčjeg (n = 40), kozjeg (n = 40), devinog (n =30) i bivoljeg (n = 40). Mlijeko je potjecalo iz 46 nasumce odabranih stada na području Farsa u Iranu. Od 200 pretraženih uzoraka sirova mlijeka 22 uzorka (11,0%) bila su onečišćena bakterijom S. aureus. Najveća prevalencija bakterije S. aureus dokazana je u uzorcima bivoljeg mlijeka (17,5%), zatim u uzorcima kravljeg (16,0%), ovčjeg (10,0%), kozjeg (7,5%) te devinog (3,4%) mlijeka. Sposobnost proizvodnje klasičnih enterotoksina dokazana je u 15 od 22 (68,2%) izolata. Šest izolata (27,3%) proizvodilo je stafilokokni enterotoksin A, četiri izolata (18,2%) enterotoksin C, tri (13,6%) enterotoksin D, jedan izolat (5,0%) enteroksin B, te jedan izolat (5,0%) istodobno enterotoksin A i C. U pretraženim uzorcima sirova mlijeka nije bio dokazan stafilokokni enteroksin E. Istraživanje je pokazalo da prisutnost enterotoksigenih sojeva bakterije S. aureus u sirovu mlijeku može biti uzrok trovanja hranom u Iranu

“Do the editors-in-chief of Iranian medical journals have a good Knowledge, attitude and practice of plagiarism?”

Plagiarism is one of the misconducts which are specifically observed in scientific journals. It is important to prevent and reduce it in scientific communities. The chief editors of journals can play an effective role in this regard. Therefore, this study aims to determine the knowledge, attitude, and the practice (KAP) of the chief editors of scholarly journals in Universities of Iran about plagiarism. The data for this descriptive survey were collected through a researcher-made questionnaire which was developed and validated in three sections of knowledge, attitude, and practice. The statistical population of the study included all the chief editors of scholarly journals in Universities of Medical Sciences in Tehran. The scores of the editors were calculated separately in each section. The data collection procedure was followed either by email or in-person. The collected data were analyzed through SPSS. The chief editors’ score is %88.8 in the section of “knowledge of plagiarism” which represents a high score. The chief editors’ “attitude toward plagiarism” indicates a high level (%61.3), which represents a negative attitude of plagiarism, and their “practice” is also at a mid-level approaching towards high level. In general, the knowledge, attitude, and practice of chief editors about plagiarism are in a better status comparing to similar studies. However, it is expected that the editors in chief achieve a more favorable level in this regard

A study on hospital blood information systems

The blood bank unit is one of the most important and fundamental units in every hospital especially in emergency situations. Lack of access to medical records related to individual’s blood transfusion can postpone blood transfusion when it is essentially needed which can in turn increase patients' risks. Meanwhile, the role of a blood bank information system is crucial in accessing this information, thereby improving the quality of available care. This research was conducted to determine the status of the blood bank information system of the hospitals affiliated to Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences.This descriptive- practical study investigated the blood bank information systems of 11 hospitals affiliated to Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in 2015. Data collection was performed through observation and interview, using a checklist and questionnaire. The validity of the instrument was determined through content validity and its reliability was confirmed through retesting. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics.All blood bank information systems under investigation were semi-mechanized. It was impossible to send the full reports electronically and to present dynamic reports. The blood bank staff were not aware of the existence and significance of the relevant standards and no specific blood bank software were used.Mechanized blood bank information systems bring about effective communication in various health care organizations. They lead to the application of relevant novel technologies while increasing patients’ safety and satisfaction

Using support vector machines in predicting and classifying factors affecting preterm delivery

Various statistical methods have been proposed in terms of predicting the outcomes of facing special factors. In the classical approaches,  making the probability distribution or known probability density functions is ordinarily necessary to predict the desired outcome. However, most of the times enough information about the probability distribution of studied variables is not available to the researcher in practice. In such circumstances, we need that the predictors function well without knowing the probability distribution or probability density. It means that with the minimum assumptions, we obtain predictors with high precision.Support vector machine (SVM) is a good statistical method of prediction. The aim of this study is to compare two statistical methods, SVM and logistic regression. To that end, the data on premature infants born at Tehran Milad Hospital is collected and used

Traditional Citation Indexes and Alternative Metrics of Readership

The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between traditional citation indexes representing hot papers in the field of “Clinical Medicine” and their bookmarking and readership in “Mendeley software”. The citation counts of hot papers were extracted from Essential Science Indicators (ESI) and Web of Science (WoS). As an applied research adopting a descriptive-exploratory method, the present study used the Essential Science Indicators to retrieve hot articles published between 2014 and 2016, indexed in the category “Medical Sciences”. Each record was then searched in Mendeley to obtain the number of readership of the paper and the academic status of the users. The results showed a significant positive correlation between Mendeley readership and citation indexes in both ESI and WoS. Moreover, the most frequently-cited articles in both databases attracted more readers in Mendeley than lowly-cited publications and both hypotheses were confirmed. Moreover, the findings revealed that Mendeley users had assigned a total number of 3847 tags to the hot papers, with the tags ranging in frequency from zero to 38 for individual articles. Compared with author keywords and Plus, about 10 percent of users’ tags were either meaningless or repetitive. The value of present study shows that “Mendeley Sofware” with the possibility of tagging articles, can be used to create a searchable folksonomy of information and as a source of data in information retrieval studies, help professionals to manage their literatures and make their research life easier