A Family History of Lethal Prostate Cancer and Risk of Aggressive Prostate Cancer in Patients Undergoing Radical Prostatectomy.

We investigated whether a family history of lethal prostate cancer (PCa) was associated with high-risk disease or biochemical recurrence in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy. A cohort of radical prostatectomy patients was stratified into men with no family history of PCa (NFH); a first-degree relative with PCa (FH); and those with a first-degree relative who had died of PCa (FHD). Demographic, operative and pathologic outcomes were analyzed. Freedom from biochemical recurrence was examined using Kaplan-Meier log rank. A multivariate Cox logistic regression analysis was also performed. We analyzed 471 men who underwent radical prostatectomy at our institution with known family history. The three groups had: 355 patients (75%) in NFH; 97 patients (21%) in FH; and 19 patients (4%) in FHD. The prevalence of a Gleason score ≥8, higher pathologic T stage, and biochemical recurrence (BCR) rates did not significantly differ between groups. On Kaplan-Meier analysis there were no differences in short-term BCR rates (p = 0.212). In this cohort of patients undergoing radical prostatectomy, those with first-degree relatives who died of PCa did not have an increased likelihood of high-risk or aggressive PCa or shorter-term risk of BCR than those who did not

Proximate Composition of Seeds of Some Lesser-Known Crops

Seeds of Jatropha curcas, Trichosanthes cucumerina, Annona muricata and Citrullus vulgaris were analysed for proximate composition, cell wall carbohydrates, nutritive and non-nutritive components and then their energy values were estimated. Crop seeds contained per kg: 113.1 - 324.5 g crude protein, 364.8 - 483.3 g fat, 29.3 - 296.8 g crude fibre, 29.8 - 37.8 g total ash, 111.9 - 222.8 g soluble carbohydrate, 41. 0 - 363.4 g cell wall carbohydrate, 18.0- 169.0 g cellulose, 23.9- 194.4 g hemicelluloses, 706.5 - 970.7 g cellular matter, 685.3 - 947.0 g organic cellular matter, 10.4 - 29.6 g soluble ash, 5.2 - 19.4 g acid-insoluble ash, 25.5 39.4 g non-nutritive matter, 20.0 - 48.6 g lignin, 19.2 - 25.6 MJ total energy, 9.0 - 21.9 MJ digestible energy and 66.5 - 269.4 g digestible crude protein. It was concluded that except for Annona muricata, all the seed samples are potentially good sources ofdietary energy and protein supplements for ruminants. The need to further investigate the inorganic matter for their mineral element constituents in order to ascertain adequacy or otherwise in meeting the animal requirement is suggested

Physical Properties, Chemical Composition And Nutritional Quality Of Two Cultivars Of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus Cajan L.) .

Physical properties, chemical composition and nulritional quality potentials of the seeds of Iwo cultivars of Cajanus cajan were stlldied. D!fferences between the t,vo cultivars were less pronounced except in their conterJls oj calcium, phosphorus, pl1ytic acid, lIYjJqin in{1ibitolY activity and g(utelins. :/n addUion, botl1 cultivars c;ontained valuable nutrie~1t:~amj food elu;rgy comparable to those of the :comlllon~v cons)lmed seed legumes. Presence of ta/1l1ins, phytie aGie/, m'alate, phenolics and tl)'Psininhibilors in the seeds may not constitute any problem in the utilization of the nutrients once the seeds are subjected to processing involving either heat treatment, soaking, dehu/ling and ge;'mination or their combination before consumption

Responses of Broilers Fed Guineacorn/Palm Kernel Meal Based Ration to Supplemental Biotin

Seven duplicate floor pens with 20 day-old commercial broiler chicks each were fed a practical type broiler diet formulated with guineacorn/palm kernel meal and supplemented vvith graded levels of biotin WOO, 0'04, 0·08, 0'12, 0·16, 0·20 and 0·24 mg kg-1 feed) for a period of 6 weeks. Significantly poorer feed utilisation and carcass characteristics, higher blood lipid, lower blood glucose, lower pyruvate carboxylase activity in the liver, higher liver and kidney weights (% live weight), more lipid deposition in these organs coupled with more frequent incidences of foot dermatitis, higher mortality due to fatty liver and kidney syndrome (FLKS) and abnormal development of leg bone in broilers maintained on the diet without biotin supplementation indicated that they suffered vitamin deficiency. However, the responses of experimental birds indicated that a dietary supplement of 0·20 mg biotin kg - 1 feed was adequate for the promotion of good performance and prevention of dermal lesions, FLKS mortality and leg deformities .

Processing Effects on the Chemical Composition and Nutritional Potential of the Pigeon Pea(cajanus Cajan L.)

The effects of processing on the chemical composition and nutritional potential of the seeds of Cajanus cajan have been estimated. Raw, soaked, cooked, and autoclaved seeds were analysed for proximate composition, calcium, magnesium •. ·phosphorus, manganese, iron, copper, structural carbohydrates, nutritive and non-nutritive matter and certain antinutritional factors (phytic acid, total oxalate, tannins, total phenolics and trypsin inhibitor activity). The results indicated that the caloric value of the seeds was improved by soaking, cooking and autoclaving, and that cooking and autoclaving ·significantly lowered the levels of antinutritional factors in the seed

The Biotin Requirement of Broilers Feed Maize-Palm Kernel Meal Based Ration

6 duplicate floor pens with 20cday-old commercial broiler chicks each, were fed practical-type broiler diet with m;:tize:- palm kernel meal, supplemented with graded levels of biotin so that the rations had 40,89.,120; Y60,200,:and 240 Ilg of the vitamin per kgof feed. This treatment was maintained fo1":6 weeks. Estimation of the body weight, feed intake, blood glucose conciliation,:and:li pid contents of their, ~kidney and blood showed that dietary biotin of 120 IlMkgJee(j·is·a~;m;inimuri1requirement. 160 Ilg/kg feed was required for the prevention of dermatitis, morti:l1ity due to fatty liver and kidney syndrome (FLKS) and leg deformities

Preliminary Investigation on the Effect of Dietary Supplement Biotin and Palm Kernel Oil on Blood,Liver and Kidney Lipids in Chicks

A total of 480 day-old broiler chicks were used in two trials conducted to investigate the performance and lipid contents of blood, liver and kidneys of birds when fed varying levels of palm kernel oil (0% and 2%) and biotin (40, 80, 120, 160, 200 and 240 I1lcg/kg feed) in a 2 x 6 factOlial experimental design. The results showed that blood, liver and kidney lipid concentrations were significantly affected by dietary biotin treatments. While total lipid, free fatty acid, triglyceride and cholesterol contents were negatively correlated with dietary biotin level, phospholipid concentrations were positively correlated. Biotin-deficient chicks had significantly higher total lipid, free fatty acid, triglyceride and cholesterol but lower phospholipid contents in their blood and the two organs. Supplementation of the diet with 2% palm kernel oil significantly elevated blood phospholipid concentration, but depressed the accumulation of the other lipid fractions in both organs and the blood of birds. Blood, liver and kidney cholesterol concentrations were not affected by 2% fat supplementation. Observation on the lipid parameters coupled with the results on feed utilisation appeared to suggest that a minimum of 120 mcg of the vitamin per kilograme of diet was required by broiler chicks for optimum performance