A review of comparison of complications of vaginal hysterectomy with and without concomitant surgery for SUI: A 5 years’ experience at a tertiary care hospital of Pakistan

Objective. The study was performed to review the complications of surgery for POP with or without surgery for SUI. This included the need for second procedure two years after the primary surgery. Study Design. We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional comparative study at the Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan. International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) was used to identify women who underwent vaginal hysterectomy with anterior/posterior repair alone and those with concomitant tension-free vaginal tape surgery for urodynamic stress incontinence. Results. The 28 cases of VH/repair combined with TVT were compared for complications with 430 cases of VH with repair alone. The basic characteristics like age, BMI, and degree of prolapse showed no statistical difference among two groups. The main comorbidities in both groups were hypertension, diabetes, and bronchial asthma. We observed no significant differences in intraoperative and postoperative complications except for cuff abscess, need for medical intervention, and readmission following discharge from hospital, which were higher in cases with vaginal hysterectomy with concomitant TVT. Conclusions. Vaginal hysterectomy is an efficient treatment for uterovaginal prolapse with a swift recovery, short length of hospital stay, and rare serious complications. The addition of surgery for USI does not appear to increase the morbidity

Numerical Analysis of Flow Past Over Square Rods Using Control Rod at Distinct Gap Spacing

The influence of Reynolds number and gap spacing on flow via two detachable square rods with a small control rod in between is examined using two-dimensional numerical simulations. The range of gap spacing is determined by taking Re = 80–200 and g = 0.50–6.0. First, the impact of the computational domain and the accuracy of the grid points are analyzed. Among these are crucial flow modes, fully formed two rows of vortex shedding flows, fully developed regular and irregular vortex shedding flows, consistent flow, and shear layer reattachment. For every combination of (Re, g), the Cdmean of the C1 rod is higher than the Cdmean of the C2 rod. Additionally, push causes Cdmean2 values to be negative between g = 0.50 and 2.0. The value of Cdmean that is larger is 1.3907 (Re, g) = (150, 3.0). Furthermore, for (Re, g) = (200, 3.0) and (200, 1.50), respectively, for C1 and C2, the greatest percentage decrease in Cdmean is 19.3% and 120.3%, respectively

Numerical Analysis of Flow Past Over Square Rods Using Control Rod at Distinct Gap Spacing

The influence of Reynolds number and gap spacing on flow via two detachable square rods with a small control rod in between is examined using two-dimensional numerical simulations. The range of gap spacing is determined by taking Re = 80–200 and g = 0.50–6.0. First, the impact of the computational domain and the accuracy of the grid points are analyzed. Among these are crucial flow modes, fully formed two rows of vortex shedding flows, fully developed regular and irregular vortex shedding flows, consistent flow, and shear layer reattachment. For every combination of (Re, g), the Cdmean of the C1 rod is higher than the Cdmean of the C2 rod. Additionally, push causes Cdmean2 values to be negative between g = 0.50 and 2.0. The value of Cdmean that is larger is 1.3907 (Re, g) = (150, 3.0). Furthermore, for (Re, g) = (200, 3.0) and (200, 1.50), respectively, for C1 and C2, the greatest percentage decrease in Cdmean is 19.3% and 120.3%, respectively

Mutations in CERKL and RP1 cause retinitis pigmentosa in Pakistani families

This study was conducted to identify the genetic basis of retinal dystrophies in consanguineous Pakistani families. We recruited two families with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) displaying visual difficulties, including nyctalopia and constricted visual fields. Linkage analysis and Sanger sequencing resulted in the identification of a previously reported nonsense mutation, c.847C > T, in exon 5 of CERKL in one family and a novel four-base pair deletion in exon 4 of RP1, c.delAGAA4218_4221, leading to premature protein termination in the second family. Here, we report two RP-causing mutations extending the genetic heterogeneity of the disease

Mutation in LIM2 Is Responsible for Autosomal Recessive Congenital Cataracts.

To identify the molecular basis of non-syndromic autosomal recessive congenital cataracts (arCC) in a consanguineous family.All family members participating in the study received a comprehensive ophthalmic examination to determine their ocular phenotype and contributed a blood sample, from which genomic DNA was extracted. Available medical records and interviews with the family were used to compile the medical history of the family. The symptomatic history of the individuals exhibiting cataracts was confirmed by slit-lamp biomicroscopy. A genome-wide linkage analysis was performed to localize the disease interval. The candidate gene, LIM2 (lens intrinsic membrane protein 2), was sequenced bi-directionally to identify the disease-causing mutation. The physical changes caused by the mutation were analyzed in silico through homology modeling, mutation and bioinformatic algorithms, and evolutionary conservation databases. The physiological importance of LIM2 to ocular development was assessed in vivo by real-time expression analysis of Lim2 in a mouse model.Ophthalmic examination confirmed the diagnosis of nuclear cataracts in the affected members of the family; the inheritance pattern and cataract development in early infancy indicated arCC. Genome-wide linkage analysis localized the critical interval to chromosome 19q with a two-point logarithm of odds (LOD) score of 3.25. Bidirectional sequencing identified a novel missense mutation, c.233G>A (p.G78D) in LIM2. This mutation segregated with the disease phenotype and was absent in 192 ethnically matched control chromosomes. In silico analysis predicted lower hydropathicity and hydrophobicity but higher polarity of the mutant LIM2-encoded protein (MP19) compared to the wild-type. Moreover, these analyses predicted that the mutation would disrupt the secondary structure of a transmembrane domain of MP19. The expression of Lim2, which was detected in the mouse lens as early as embryonic day 15 (E15) increased after birth to a level that was sustained through the postnatal time points.A novel missense mutation in LIM2 is responsible for autosomal recessive congenital cataracts

Slit-lamp photograph of affected individual 9 of PKCC214.

<p>This photograph depicts a nuclear cataract that developed during infancy.</p

Expression profile of lens intrinsic membrane protein 2 (<i>Lim2</i>) in the developing mouse lens.

<p>The expression of <i>Lim2</i> at different developmental time points was normalized to <i>Gapdh</i>. The x-axis and y-axis represent developmental time points and normalized expression of <i>Lim2</i> mRNA, respectively.</p

Clinical characteristics of individuals of PKCC214 who manifest symptoms of autosomal recessive congenital cataracts.

<p>Clinical characteristics of individuals of PKCC214 who manifest symptoms of autosomal recessive congenital cataracts.</p

Two-point LOD scores and microsatellite markers used for linkage analysis of PKCC214.

<p>Two-point LOD scores and microsatellite markers used for linkage analysis of PKCC214.</p