Biomassa Gugur Serasah Dan Variasi Musiman Di Hutan Dataran Rendah TN. Gunung Gede Pangrango

Produksi biomasa gugur serasah dan variasi musimannya dimonitor selama 5 tahun untuk mengamati polamusiman dari gugur serasah dan kontribusi gugur serasah terhadap ekosistem hutan. Gugur serasah dikumpulkansetiap bulan dengan menggunakan 20 perangkap serasah (luas masing-masing perangkap serasah adalah 1 x 1 m2)yang berada pada petak permanen. Seluruh sampel di oven pada suhu 70 ºC. Total gugur serasah adalah 8,36 ±0,39 t ha-1 tahun-1, dengan konstribusi terbesar pada daun (6.55 ± 0.44 t ha-1tahun-1), diikuti oleh komponen yangtidak teridentifikasi (0.69 ±0.2), batang kecil (0.76 ± 0.1), bagian reproduksi (0.16 ± 0.06), and batang besar (0.21± 0.04 t ha-1 tahun-1). Pola musiman menunjukkan bahwa gugur serasah meningkat selama musim hujan. Gugurserasah daun tertinggi berada pada bulan Juli. Jenis-jenis dominan menggugurkan daun utamanya pada pertengahanmusim kering. Total gugur serasah daun dari yang tertinggi ke yang terendah diamati Nauclea lanceolata (0.36 ±0.16), Maesopsis eminii (0.25 ± 0.11), Schima wallichii (0.09 ± 0.02), Pternandra azurea (0.02± 0.01), dan Dyxoxylumdensiflorum (0.01 ± 0.01 t ha-1 tahun-1)

Variasi Musiman Produksi Serasah Jenis-jenis Dominan Hutan Pegunungan Rendah Di Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun*[seasonal Variation of Dominant Tree Species Litterfall in Low Montane Forest Gunung Halimun National Park]

The litterfall of Allingia excelsa Noroflha, Schima wallichii (DC) Korth., Castanopsis acuminatissima (Bl.) A. DC, C. javanica (Bl.) A. DC. and Quercus lineata Blume, the dominant tree species of Lower Mountain at Gunung Halimun National Park - West Java were studied.The annual litterfall was 7.0 - 8.2 t ha y and the total litterfall was higher during the rainy season than in the dry season. Each dominant tree species had its own specific pattern of leaf shedding. A. excelsa shed their leaves at the end of the rainy season of the first year, during the biannual period of study, while Q. lineata was opposite.C.javanica shed their leaves mainly in the middle of the rainy season in January to February. There was no clear pattern of leaf shedding on C. acuminatissima,and the species was named as non-seasonally type, while S. wallichii, shed their leaves during the dry season, and was named as the dry season type

Stok Karbon Dan Biomasa Beberapa Komoditas Tanaman Pertanian Di Bodogol- Taman Nasional Gunung Gede Pangrango – Jawa Barat

The study of carbon stock and biomasa of agricultural commodities was conducted in the Bodogol village, Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park - West Java. The purpose of this research to determine the biomasa, carbon stock and the rate of decomposition of agricultural commodities by using destructive sample and litterbag method. Six of agricultural commodities: green beans/buncis (Phaseolus vulgaris), chilli (Capsicum annum), corn (Zea mays), bean (Vigna cylindrica), peanuts (Arachis hypogaea) and cassava (Manihot esculenta), were calculated their biomasa and carbon stocks. The result showed that the biomasa of agriculture commodities in the range of 0.152 to 4.216 t ha-1, with a carbon stock ranging from 0.01 to 1.83 t ha-1. The decomposition rate (k) of those commodities were k = 5.6 y-1; 5.48 y-1, 5.18 y-1, 5.04 y-1, 4.42 y-1, and k = 1.21 y-1, for Manihot esculenta, Vigna cylindrica, Arachis hypogea, Zea mays, Capsicum annum and Phaseolus vulgaris, respectively

Estimasi Biomasa Dan Karbon Tersimpan Pada Pinus Merkusii Jungh. & De Vriese Di Hutan Pinus Gn. Bunder, Tn. Gn. Halimun Salak [Biomass Estimation and Carbon Stock on Pinus Merkusii Jungh. & De Vriese in Pine Forest at Bunder Mount, Gunung Halimun Salak National Park]

A study on the biomass and carbon stock estimation of Pinus merkusii Jungh. & de Vriese plantation has been conducted on 17-years and 30-years old pine forest in Gunung Bunder, Halimun Salak National Park. The method used was the allometric with non destructive technique. The results showed that pine trees density of 30-years old pine was 542 trees ha-1 ; the basal area (BA) was 26.8 m2 ha-1; trees density of 17-years old pine was 1,398 tree ha-1 with BA was 36.2 m2 ha-1. The estimation of biomass, carbon sinks and CO2 sequestration of 30-years old pine were 203.7, 96.5 and 354.2 ton ha-1, respectively. Meanwhile, the estimation of biomass, carbon sinks and CO2 sequestration of 17-years old pine were 188.3, 86.8 and 318.5 ton ha-1, respectively. Value of the environmental services derived from the CO2 absorption for the development of a pine forest ranged from US.$ 1,847.09 to 2,054.22, at two ages of pine trees

Cytokines in gingivocrevicular fluid of rheumatoid arthritis patients:A review of the literature

OBJECTIVE: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and periodontitis share several pathological features including bone and soft tissue destruction, and high levels of circulating inflammatory proteins. Studies related to cytokines in the periodontal inflammatory exudate (gingivocrevicular fluid, GCF) of RA patients might provide insight into the association between periodontitis and RA. Aim of our study was to review the literature on cytokines in GCF of RA patients including the effect of anti-rheumatic treatment with biological Disease Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs (DMARDs) and periodontal treatment on these cytokines. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MedLine/PubMed searches with different combinations of keywords 'rheumatoid arthritis or RA' and 'crevicular fluid or GCF' until June 2019 revealed 64 articles. Ten cross-sectional observational studies and nine treatment studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. RESULTS: RA patients have increased circulating- and GCF levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and proteins, despite anti-rheumatic treatment with biological DMARDs. Presence of periodontitis was accompanied by higher cytokine and protein levels. Treatment of periodontitis resulted in a decrease of these levels. CONCLUSION: Analysis of GCF of RA patients reveals that the relationship between periodontitis and RA is bidirectional, probably caused by a non-specific inflammatory burden. Data for a specific relationship are barely present in GCF

Influence of Oral Microbiota on the Presence of IgA Anti-Citrullinated Protein Antibodies in Gingival Crevicular Fluid

INTRODUCTION: The relation between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and periodontitis (PD) has been investigated ever since the discovery of the citrullinating enzyme peptidyl arginine deaminase presents in the oral bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis. Recently, we demonstrated the presence of RA autoantibodies, especially of IgA anti-citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA), in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of Indonesian patients with and without RA or PD which might indicate the local formation of RA antibodies in the periodontium. AIM: The purpose of this study was to assess whether the subgingival microbiome is related to the presence of IgA ACPA in the GCF of healthy individuals with or without PD. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Healthy individuals with a known periodontal status and high IgA ACPA (>0.1 U/ml) in GCF (n = 27) were selected and matched for age, gender, periodontal status, and smoking status with 27 healthy individuals without IgA ACPA in their GCF. Taxonomic profiling of the subgingival microbiome was based on bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Downstream analyses were performed to assess compositional differences between healthy subjects with or without IgA ACPA in GCF and with or without PD. RESULTS: Between groups with or without PD, or with or without IgA ACPA in GCF, no differences in alpha diversity were seen. Beta diversity was different between groups with or without PD (p < 0.0001), and a trend was seen in subjects with PD between subjects with or without IgA ACPA in GCF (p = 0.084). Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) revealed no significant differences in the total population between subjects with IgA ACPA compared to subjects without IgA ACPA in GCF. Although Porphyromonas was not identified by LEfSe, its relative abundance was significantly higher in healthy individuals with high IgA ACPA in GCF compared to individuals without IgA ACPA in GCF (p = 0.0363). Zooming in on the subgroup with PD, LEfSe revealed that species Neisseriaceae, Tannerella, and Haemophilus were more abundant in the subjects with IgA ACPA in GCF compared to subjects without IgA ACPA in GCF. CONCLUSION: Periodontitis and certain taxa, including Porphyromonas, seem to be associated with the local presence of ACPA in the periodontium

A cost-efficient method to assess carbon stocks in tropical peat soil

Estimation of belowground carbon stocks in tropical wetland forests requires funding for laboratory analyses and suitable facilities, which are often lacking in developing nations where most tropical wetlands are found. It is therefore beneficial to develop simple analytical tools to assist belowground carbon estimation where financial and technical limitations are common. Here we use published and original data to describe soil carbon density (kgC m&lt;sup&gt;−3&lt;/sup&gt;; C&lt;sub&gt;d&lt;/sub&gt;) as a function of bulk density (gC cm&lt;sup&gt;−3&lt;/sup&gt;; &lt;i&gt;B&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;d&lt;/sub&gt;), which can be used to rapidly estimate belowground carbon storage using &lt;i&gt;B&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;d&lt;/sub&gt; measurements only. Predicted carbon densities and stocks are compared with those obtained from direct carbon analysis for ten peat swamp forest stands in three national parks of Indonesia. Analysis of soil carbon density and bulk density from the literature indicated a strong linear relationship (C&lt;sub&gt;d&lt;/sub&gt; = &lt;i&gt;B&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;d&lt;/sub&gt; &amp;times; 495.14 + 5.41, &lt;i&gt;R&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 0.93, &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 151) for soils with organic C content &gt; 40%. As organic C content decreases, the relationship between C&lt;sub&gt;d&lt;/sub&gt; and &lt;i&gt;B&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;d&lt;/sub&gt; becomes less predictable as soil texture becomes an important determinant of C&lt;sub&gt;d&lt;/sub&gt;. The equation predicted belowground C stocks to within 0.92% to 9.57% of observed values. Average bulk density of collected peat samples was 0.127 g cm&lt;sup&gt;−3&lt;/sup&gt;, which is in the upper range of previous reports for Southeast Asian peatlands. When original data were included, the revised equation C&lt;sub&gt;d&lt;/sub&gt; = &lt;i&gt;B&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;d&lt;/sub&gt; &amp;times; 468.76 + 5.82, with &lt;i&gt;R&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 0.95 and &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 712, was slightly below the lower 95% confidence interval of the original equation, and tended to decrease C&lt;sub&gt;d&lt;/sub&gt; estimates. We recommend this last equation for a rapid estimation of soil C stocks for well-developed peat soils where C content &gt; 40%

Stenosis Mitral Kongenital: Parachute Mitral Valve Laporan 2 kasus

Mitral stenosis kongenital merupakan penyakit jantung bawaan (PJB) yang jarang terjadi. Laporan-laporan terdahulu menyebutkan angka insiden sekitar 0,4-0,8% dari seluruh pasien PJB. Keadaan ini dapat terjadi tersendiri (isolated), atau disertai dengan PJB lainnya, seperti pada Shones complex,atau sebagai bagian dari Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome

No Obvious Role for Suspicious Oral Pathogens in Arthritis Development

A particular role for Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) has been suggested in periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), as these bacteria could initiate the formation of rheumatoid factor (RF) and anticitrullinated protein autoantibodies (ACPA). We assessed whether serum antibodies against Pg and Aa in RA patients and non-RA controls reflect the subgingival presence of Pg and Aa, and evaluated the relationship of these antibodies to the severity of periodontal inflammation and RA-specific serum autoantibodies. In 70 Indonesian RA patients and 70 non-RA controls, the subgingival presence of Pg and Aa was assessed by bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and serum IgG levels specific for Pg and Aa were determined. In parallel, serum levels of ACPA (ACPA:IgG,IgA) and RF (RF:IgM,IgA) were measured. The extent of periodontal inflammation was assessed by the periodontal inflamed surface area. In both RA patients and the controls, the presence of subgingival Pg and Aa was comparable, anti-Pg and anti-Aa antibody levels were associated with the subgingival presence of Pg and Aa, and anti-Pg did not correlate with ACPA or RF levels. The subgingival Pg and Aa were not related to RA. No noteworthy correlation was detected between the antibodies against Pg and Aa, and RA-specific autoantibodies

Low Cardiac Output Syndrome in Children After Open Heart Surgery In National Cardiovascular Center – Indonesia Predictor and Clinical Result

Background. A Low cardiac output syndrome (LCOS) was defined as poor perfusion due to transient myocardial dysfunction.The purpose of this study was to identify patients at risk for the development of LCOS in pediatric after cardiac surgery. Methods and results.The patient characteristics that were independent predictors of LCOS were identified among472 consecutive pediatric pa-tients who underwent cardiac surgery at the National Cardiovascular Center – Indonesia between January 2005 and December2005. The overall preva-lence of LCOS was 15.43 % (n= 73). Logistic regression analyses identified  eight independent predictors of LCOS and calculated the factor-ad-justed odds ratiosassociated with each predictor: (1) residual lesion (odds ratio 141.98); (2) complexity score(odds ratio 1.74);(3) Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) time (odds ratio1.01); (4) preoperative Intensive Care Unit (ICU) (odds ratio 8.51); (5) preoperative Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) (odds ratio 3.14); (6) bleeding (oddsratio 24.88); (7) arrhythmia (odds ratio 4.78); and (8) pulmonary hypertension (odds ratio3.75). The opera-tive mortality rate was higherin patients in whom LCOS developed than in those in whom it did not develop (39.72% versus 0.75%, p<0.001). Mean basic complexity score was 6.25 with mortality rate 6.76, and the overall performance was 5.83. Conclusions. Compared to STS and EACTS, the performance of National Cardiovascular Center– Indonesia was still lower. LCOS caused longer time of intubation time, ICU and hospital stay. There were eight independents predictor that can be used to predicts LCOS in pediatric patients after open heart surgery. Patients at high risk for the develop-ment of low cardiacoutput syndrome should be the focus of more inten-sive management to prevent the development of LCOS