Figures du passeur dans l’imaginaire animalier des contes de Grimm

Les contes de grimm ont pour origine les anciennes mythologies européennes, et notamment les Eddas, connues des frères Grimm qui ont été les auteurs d’ouvrages comme Légendes allemandes (1816-1818) et Les runes allemandes (1821), œuvres qui s’inscrivent dans la mouvance du romantisme allemand, tourné vers le passé et en quête d’identité : En philologues principalement préoccupés des origines de leur langue, ils furent amenés à penser que tous les récits merveilleux qui forment le fond du folk..

Object Detection, Localization and Tracking-Based Deep Learning for Smart Wheelchair

International audienceIn this article, we present our work regarding the development of advanced driver-assistance systems for an electric-powered wheelchair. Our project aims at improving the autonomy of people with reduced mobility. After conducting a clinical study, we identified several use-cases. In this paper, we introduce the detection, localization and tracking of points of interest in the immediate surroundings of the chair in an indoor environment, i.e.: doors, handles, light switches, etc. The aim is not only to improve perception around the chair but also to enable semi-autonomous driving towards these targets. First, we introduce a repurposing of YOLOv3, the object detection algorithm, to our use case. Then, we show our use of the Intel Realsense camera for depth estimation. Finally, we describe our adaptation of the SORT algorithm to track 3D interest points. To validate our approach, we realized several experiments in a controlled indoor environment. The detection, distance estimation, and tracking pipeline is tested using our custom dataset. This includes corridors, doors, handles, and switches. One of the scenarios studied to validate the proposed platform includes not only the detection and tracking of objects but also the movement of the wheelchair towards one of these points of interest

Détection, localisation et Tracking d'Objets par Deep Learning pour un Fauteuil Roulant Intelligent.

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Deep Learning-Based Object Detection, Localisation and Tracking for Smart Wheelchair Healthcare Mobility

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Sensitivity and specificity of using QRS duration to predict chronic benefit in heart failure patients with cardiac resynchronization therapy

International audienceAIMS/HYPOTHESIS : Recently, safety data signalled an increased risk of amputations in people taking canagliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor. If this side effect is due to drug-induced hypovolaemia, diuretics should also increase that risk. The aim of this study was to analyse the association between diuretic use and the risk of lower limb events (LLEs) in people with type 2 diabetes.METHODS : SURDIAGENE (SUivi Rénal, DIAbète de type 2 et GENEtique) is a prospective observational cohort that includes people with type 2 diabetes enrolled from 2002 to 2012 and followed-up until onset of LLE, death or 31 December 2015, whichever came first. Primary outcome was the first occurrence of LLE, a composite of lower limb amputation (LLA) and lower limb revascularisation (LLR). The rates of primary outcome were compared between participants taking and not taking diuretics at baseline in a Cox-adjusted model.RESULTS : At baseline, of the 1459 participants included, 670 were taking diuretics. In participants with and without diuretics, the mean ages were 67.1 and 62.9 years and 55.8% and 59.8% were men, respectively. During a median follow-up of 7.1 years, the incidence of LLE was 1.80 per 100 patient-years in diuretic users vs 1.00 in non-users (p < 0.001). The HR for LLE in users vs non-users was 2.08 (95% CI 1.49, 2.93), p < 0.001. This association remained significant in a multivariable-adjusted model (1.49 [1.01, 2.19]; p = 0.04) and similar after considering death as a competing risk (subhazard ratio 1.89 [1.35, 2.64]; p < 0.001). When separated, LLA but not LLR, was associated with the use of diuretics: 2.01 (1.14, 3.54), p = 0.02 and 1.05 (0.67, 1.64), p = 0.84, respectively, in the multivariable-adjusted model.CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION : Among people with type 2 diabetes treated with diuretics, there was a significant increase in the risk of LLE, predominantly in the risk of LLA

Plasma copeptin, kidney disease, and risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in two cohorts of type 2 diabetes

Abstract Background Cardiovascular disease and kidney damage are tightly associated in people with type 2 diabetes. Experimental evidence supports a causal role for vasopressin (or antidiuretic hormone) in the development of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Plasma copeptin, the COOH-terminal portion of pre-provasopressin and a surrogate marker of vasopressin, was shown to be positively associated with the development and progression of DKD. Here we assessed the association of plasma copeptin with the risk of cardiovascular events during follow-up in two prospective cohorts of type 2 diabetic patients, and we examined if this association could be mediated by deleterious effects of vasopressin on the kidney. Methods We studied 3098 and 1407 type 2 diabetic patients from the French cohorts DIABHYCAR and SURDIAGENE, respectively. We considered the incidence during follow-up (median: 5 years) of a combined end point composed of myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization, hospitalization for congestive heart failure, or cardiovascular death. Copeptin concentration was measured in baseline plasma samples by an immunoluminometric assay. Results The cumulative incidence of cardiovascular events during follow-up by sex-specific tertiles of baseline plasma copeptin was 15.6% (T1), 18.7% (T2) and 21.7% (T3) in DIABHYCAR (p = 0.002), and 27.7% (T1), 34.1% (T2) and 47.6% (T3) in SURDIAGENE (p < 0.0001). Cox proportional hazards survival regression analyses confirmed the association of copeptin with cardiovascular events in both cohorts: hazard ratio with 95% confidence interval for T3 vs. T1 was 1.29 (1.04–1.59), p = 0.02 (DIABHYCAR), and 1.58 (1.23–2.04), p = 0.0004 (SURDIAGENE), adjusted for sex, age, BMI, duration of diabetes, systolic blood pressure, arterial hypertension, HbA1c, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), urinary albumin concentration (UAC), active tobacco smoking, and previous history of myocardial infarction at baseline. No interaction was observed between plasma copeptin and eGFR (p = 0.40) or UAC (p = 0.61) categories on the risk of cardiovascular events in analyses of pooled cohorts. Conclusions Plasma copeptin was positively associated with major cardiovascular events in people with type 2 diabetes. This association cannot be solely accounted for by the association of copeptin with kidney-related traits

Figures du passeur

Omniprésentes dès l'origine dans la mythologie et les arts, les figures du passeur, « l'homme-nef », ont traversé toutes les époques et essaimé tous les domaines des sciences humaines, de la culture et de la technique. Plus que jamais d'actualité, du fait de la période que nous traversons, cette antique notion est devenue un des grands vecteurs de la médiation ; c'est aussi une des figures clés de l'anthropologie, entendue comme pensée de la relation et de la traduction, et de la médiologie, qui s'intéresse aux modes de transport des messages et des hommes à travers l'espace et le temps. Archétype du corps conducteur, le passeur est sans conteste une des figures emblématiques d'une (post)modernité placée sous le signe de la communication, de la circulation de l'information et des échanges les plus divers ; il était donc opportun de s'y intéresser. Dans les vingt-deux contributions réparties en trois chapitres (I. Transitions, Transactions, Transgressions ; II. Initiations, Transformations, Transmutations ; Transferts, Traductions, Trans-culturations) de cet ouvrage collectif, le lecteur découvrira des données originales concernant le passeur, entité protéiforme et exemple rare sinon unique de figure mythologique et archétypale acquérant, après s'être sécularisée et banalisée, la pertinence et la polyvalence d'un principe explicatif

Plasma Adrenomedullin and Allelic Variation in the ADM Gene and Kidney Disease in People With Type 2 Diabetes

International audienceProduction of adrenomedullin (ADM), a vasodilator peptide, increases in response to ischemia and hypoxia in the vascular wall and the kidney. This may be an adaptive response providing protection against organ damage. We investigated the hypothesis that ADM has a nephroprotective effect in two prospective cohorts of patients with type 2 diabetes recruited in France. The highest tertile of plasma MR-proADM (a surrogate for ADM) concentration at baseline was associated with the risk of renal outcomes (doubling of plasma creatinine concentration and/or progression to end-stage renal disease) during follow-up in both cohorts. Four SNPs in the ADM gene region were associated with plasma MR-proADM concentration at baseline and with eGFR during follow-up in both cohorts. The alleles associated with lower eGFR were also associated with lower plasma MR-proADM level. In conclusion, plasma MR-proADM concentration was associated with renal outcome in patients with type 2 diabetes. Our data suggest that the ADM gene modulates the genetic susceptibility to nephropathy progression. Results are consistent with the hypothesis of a reactive rise of ADM in diabetic nephropathy, blunted in risk alleles carriers, and with a nephroprotective effect of ADM. A possible therapeutic effect of ADM receptor agonists in diabetic renal disease would be worth investigating

Dynamic Changes in Renal Function Are Associated With Major Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

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Diabetologia

The lipid profile has not been fully investigated in individuals with peripheral artery disease (PAD). We aimed to evaluate the relationship between plasma concentrations of lipoproteins and the prevalence of lower-limb PAD at baseline and its incidence during follow-up in people with type 2 diabetes. Plasma concentrations of total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triacylglycerol and apolipoprotein (Apo) A-I, ApoA-II, ApoB-100 and Apo(a) were measured at baseline using colorimetric or MS methods in the SURDIAGENE cohort. Total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio, non-HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were estimated using computation formulas. Logistic and Cox proportional hazard regression models were fitted to estimate OR or HR, with related 95% CI, for baseline prevalence or incidence of major PAD (lower-limb amputation or requirement of revascularisation) during follow-up by increasing lipoprotein tertiles, after adjustment for key confounders. Among 1468 participants (women 42%, mean ± SD age 65 ± 11 years, duration of diabetes 14 ± 10 years at baseline), 129 (8.8%) had a baseline history of major PAD. Major PAD was less prevalent at baseline in the highest (vs lowest) tertile of HDL-cholesterol (OR 0.42 [95% CI 0.26, 0.71], p = 0.001) and ApoA-I (OR 0.39 [95% CI 0.23, 0.67], p = 0.0007), and more frequent in the highest tertile of total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio (OR 1.95 [95% CI 1.18, 3.24], p = 0.01). Among 1339 participants without a history of PAD at baseline, incident PAD occurred in 97 (7.2%) during a median (25th-75th percentile) duration of follow-up of 7.1 (4.4-10.7) years, corresponding to 9685 person-years and an incidence rate of 9.8 (95% CI 8.0, 12.0) per 1000 person-years. The risk of incident PAD was lower in the top (vs bottom) tertile of HDL-cholesterol (HR 0.54 [95% CI 0.30, 0.95], p = 0.03) or ApoA-I (HR 0.50 [95% CI 0.28, 0.86], p = 0.01) and higher in the top tertile of total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio (HR 2.81 [95% CI 1.61, 5.04], p = 0.0002) and non-HDL-cholesterol (HR 1.80 [95% CI 1.06, 3.12], p = 0.03). We reported independent associations between HDL-cholesterol, ApoA-I, total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio or non-HDL-cholesterol and the prevalence or the incidence of major PAD in people with type 2 diabetes. Our findings provide a picture of lipoprotein profile in people with type 2 diabetes. Graphical abstract