A Survey of Stellar Families: Multiplicity of Solar-type Stars

I present the results of a comprehensive assessment of companions to 454 solar-type stars within 25 pc. New observational aspects of this work include surveys for (1) very close companions with long-baseline interferometry at the Center for High Angular Resolution Astronomy (CHARA) Array, (2) close companions with speckle interferometry, and (3) wide proper motion companions identified by blinking multi-epoch archival images. I have also obtained and included unpublished results from extensive radial velocity monitoring programs. The many sources utilized enable a thorough evaluation of stellar and brown dwarf companions. The results presented here include eight new companion discoveries, four of which are wide common proper motion pairs discovered by blinking archival images, and four more are from the spectroscopic data. The overall observed fractions of single, double, triple, and higher order systems are 57%±3%, 33%±2%, 8%±1%, and 3%±1%, respectively, counting all stellar and brown dwarf companions. The incompleteness analysis indicates that only a few undiscovered companions remain in this well-studied sample, showing that a majority of the solar-type stars are single. Bluer, more massive stars are more likely to have companions than redder, less massive ones. I confirm earlier expectations that more active stars are more likely to have companions. A preliminary, but important indication is that brown dwarfs, like planets, prefer stars with higher metallicity, tentatively suggesting that brown dwarfs may form like planets when they are companions to stars. The period distribution is unimodal and roughly Gaussian with peak and median values of about 300 years. The period-eccentricity relation shows a roughly flat distribution beyond the circularization limit of about 12 days. The mass-ratio distribution shows a clear discontinuity near a value of one, indicating a preference for twins, which are not confined to short orbital periods, suggesting that stars form by multiple formation mechanisms. The ratio of planet hosts among single, binary, and multiple systems are statistically indistinguishable, suggesting that planets are as likely to form around single stars as they are around components of binary or multiple systems at sufficiently wide separations

A Case Study in Matching Service Descriptions to Implementations in an Existing System

A number of companies are trying to migrate large monolithic software systems to Service Oriented Architectures. A common approach to do this is to first identify and describe desired services (i.e., create a model), and then to locate portions of code within the existing system that implement the described services. In this paper we describe a detailed case study we undertook to match a model to an open-source business application. We describe the systematic methodology we used, the results of the exercise, as well as several observations that throw light on the nature of this problem. We also suggest and validate heuristics that are likely to be useful in partially automating the process of matching service descriptions to implementations.Comment: 20 pages, 19 pdf figure

Towards Efficient Controller Synthesis Techniques for Logical LTL Games

Two-player games are a fruitful way to represent and reason about several important synthesis tasks. These tasks include controller synthesis (where one asks for a controller for a given plant such that the controlled plant satisfies a given temporal specification), program repair (setting values of variables to avoid exceptions), and synchronization synthesis (adding lock/unlock statements in multi-threaded programs to satisfy safety assertions). In all these applications, a solution directly corresponds to a winning strategy for one of the players in the induced game. In turn, \emph{logically-specified} games offer a powerful way to model these tasks for large or infinite-state systems. Much of the techniques proposed for solving such games typically rely on abstraction-refinement or template-based solutions. In this paper, we show how to apply classical fixpoint algorithms, that have hitherto been used in explicit, finite-state, settings, to a symbolic logical setting. We implement our techniques in a tool called GenSys-LTL and show that they are not only effective in synthesizing valid controllers for a variety of challenging benchmarks from the literature, but often compute maximal winning regions and maximally-permissive controllers. We achieve \textbf{46.38X speed-up} over the state of the art and also scale well for non-trivial LTL specifications

Relationship Between Information System Project Characteristics and Project Management Activities: An Empirical Investigation

The activities of a project manager in overseeing the development of a software system are many and varied. Not all such activities are performed in managing every project. If so, a natural ensuing question is whether project managers adapt their managerial functions to the projects being managed. Prior research suggests that they do adapt, and that project characteristics may be the factors determining this adaptation. This assertion is investigated by considering three characteristics of a project (size, type, and environment) and investigating their association with four traditionally recognized management functions (planning, organizing, controlling, and motivating). Results indicate that project managers do modify some managerial functions based on size and type of the project but not based on the environmental characteristics of the project

Two Suns in The Sky: Stellar Multiplicity in Exoplanet Systems

We present results of a reconnaissance for stellar companions to all 131 radial-velocity-detected candidate extrasolar planetary systems known as of July 1, 2005. CPM companions were investigated using the multi-epoch DSS images, and confirmed by matching the trigonometric parallax distances of the primaries to companion distances estimated photometrically. We also attempt to confirm or refute companions listed in the Washington Double Star Catalog, the Catalogs of Nearby Stars, in Hipparcos results, and in Duquennoy & Mayor (1991). Our findings indicate that a lower limit of 30 (23%) of the 131 exoplanet systems have stellar companions. We report new stellar companions to HD 38529 and HD 188015, and a new candidate companion to HD 169830. We confirm many previously reported stellar companions, including six stars in five systems that are recognized for the first time as companions to exoplanet hosts. We have found evidence that 20 entries in the Washington Double Star Catalog are not gravitationally bound companions. At least three, and possibly five, of the exoplanet systems reside in triple star systems. Three exoplanet systems have potentially close-in stellar companions ~ 20 AU away from the primary. Finally, two of the exoplanet systems contain white dwarf companions. This comprehensive assessment of exoplanet systems indicates that solar systems are found in a variety of stellar multiplicity environments - singles, binaries, and triples; and that planets survive the post-main-sequence evolution of companion stars.Comment: 52 pages, 7 figures, Accepted for publication in Ap

Know the Star, Know the Planet. II. Speckle Interferometry of Exoplanet Host Stars

A study of the host stars to exoplanets is important to understanding their environment. To that end, we report new speckle observations of a sample of exoplanet host primaries. The bright exoplanet host HD 8673 (= HIP 6702) is revealed to have a companion, although at this time we cannot definitively establish the companion as physical or optical. The observing lists for planet searches and for these observations have for the most part been pre-screened for known duplicity, so the detected binary fraction is lower than what would otherwise be expected. Therefore, a large number of double stars were observed contemporaneously for verification and quality control purposes, to ensure the lack of detection of companions for exoplanet hosts was valid. In these additional observations, ten pairs are resolved for the first time and sixty pairs are confirmed. These observations were obtained with the USNO speckle camera on the NOAO 4m telescopes at both KPNO and CTIO from 2001 to 2010.Comment: 2 figures, 3 table

Samanantar: The Largest Publicly Available Parallel Corpora Collection for 11 Indic Languages

We present Samanantar, the largest publicly available parallel corpora collection for Indic languages. The collection contains a total of 49.7 million sentence pairs between English and 11 Indic languages (from two language families). Specifically, we compile 12.4 million sentence pairs from existing, publicly-available parallel corpora, and additionally mine 37.4 million sentence pairs from the web, resulting in a 4x increase. We mine the parallel sentences from the web by combining many corpora, tools, and methods: (a) web-crawled monolingual corpora, (b) document OCR for extracting sentences from scanned documents, (c) multilingual representation models for aligning sentences, and (d) approximate nearest neighbor search for searching in a large collection of sentences. Human evaluation of samples from the newly mined corpora validate the high quality of the parallel sentences across 11 languages. Further, we extract 83.4 million sentence pairs between all 55 Indic language pairs from the English-centric parallel corpus using English as the pivot language. We trained multilingual NMT models spanning all these languages on Samanantar, which outperform existing models and baselines on publicly available benchmarks, such as FLORES, establishing the utility of Samanantar. Our data and models are available publicly at https://indicnlp.ai4bharat.org/samanantar/ and we hope they will help advance research in NMT and multilingual NLP for Indic languages.Comment: Accepted to the Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics (TACL

Angular Diameters of the G Subdwarf μ\mu Cassiopeiae A and the K Dwarfs σ\sigma Draconis and HR 511 from Interferometric Measurements with the CHARA Array

Using the longest baselines of the CHARA Array, we have measured the angular diameter of the G5 V subdwarf $\mu$ Cas A, the first such determination for a halo population star. We compare this result to new diameters for the higher metallicity K0 V stars, $\sigma$ Dra and HR 511, and find that the metal-poor star, $\mu$ Cas A, has an effective temperature ($T_{\rm eff}=5297\pm32$ K), radius ($R=0.791\pm0.008 R_{\rm \odot}$), and absolute luminosity ($L=0.442\pm0.014 L_{\rm \odot}$) comparable to the other two stars with later spectral types. We show that stellar models show a discrepancy in the predicted temperature and radius for $\mu$ Cas A, and we discuss these results and how they provide a key to understanding the fundamental relationships for stars with low metallicity.Comment: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journa