Optimization of Cultural Conditions for Production of Antibacterial Metabolites from <i>Streptomyces coelicoflavus</i> BC 01

<p class="Continutabstract">The aim of the present study was to optimize various cultural conditions for the production of antibacterial metabolites by <em>Streptomyces coelicoflavus</em> BC 01 isolated from mangrove soil, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India. The effect of various factors such as carbon and nitrogen sources, different concentrations of NaCl and K₂HPO₄, different temperature, pH, incubation time and agitation on antibacterial metabolites production were studied. The production of antibacterial metabolites by the isolate <em>Streptomyces coelicoflavus</em> BC 01 was greatly influenced by the cultural conditions. Glucose (1.2%) and soya bean meal (1%) seemed to be the best carbon and nitrogen source respectively, followed by NaCl (1%) and K₂HPO₄(0.25%). Maximum production of antibacterial metabolites was observed at a temperature of 30 °C, with pH 7.2, at 160 rpm for 96 hrs. These optimized parameters can be further useful to design a fermentation medium to achieve maximum yield of antibacterial metabolites from <em>Streptomyces coelicoflavus</em> BC 01.</p

Evaluating the anti-urolithiasis potential of Ficus religiosa seed GC MS evaluated phytoconstituents based on their in-vitro antioxidant properties and in-silico ADMET and molecular docking studies

Abstract Background Urolithiasis, the deposit of stones in the urinary tract is a pertinent clinical issue in daily practice that imposes a burden on the human health system. Ficus religiosa plant has historically been useful in preventing urolithiasis. There is currently no information on phytochemical profiling that specifies the precise phytochemicals in the seed that are active against urolithiasis. Methods F. religiosa seeds were extracted with different solvents in increasing order of their polarity by Soxhlet extraction. All the extracts were evaluated for their antioxidant potential. GC–MS profiling of the most potent antioxidant F. religiosa seed extract was done to evaluate the phytoconstituents. To evaluate the pharmacokinetics and drug-likeness properties of these compounds in silico ADMET analysis was done. To comprehend the binding potential of the best ADMET evaluated phytochemicals contained in the F. religiosa seed extract against the several protein targets (matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2, MMP-9), and Human calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR)) and antioxidant enzymes (Glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione-disulfide reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and superoxide dismutase (SOD)) involved in urolithiasis, multi targets based virtual screening tests were done using Autodock Vina tool. Results GC–MS profiling revealed the presence of 53 different compounds. Of all these compounds, based on ADMET analysis 2-Methoxy-4-vinylphenol; 3,5-Di-tert-butylphenol; diethyl benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate; 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde; 2-methoxy-4-prop-2-enylphenol; and bis (2-methyl propyl) benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate were found to have best pharmacokinetics and drug-likeness properties. In the autodocking studies, 3,5-Di-tert-butyl phenol is proved to be the best of all in terms of binding energies with the selected targets. Conclusion The findings of this study suggest a framework for employing F. religiosa seed ethyl acetate extract as a potent herbal treatment for urolithiasis