Evaluación de las capas de la retina mediante tomografía de coherencia óptica en pacientes con enfermedad de parkinson, pacientes con migraña crónica y pacientes con trastorno por uso de alcohol

Objetivo: El propósito de esta tesis es conocer las posibilidades que nos ofrece la tomografía de coherencia óptica (OCT) para el estudio de diferentes enfermedades con afectación neurológica y su aplicación, en concreto, en pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson (EP), en pacientes con migraña crónica (MC) y en pacientes con trastorno por uso de alcohol (TUA), comparando la capa de fibras nerviosas de la retina (CFNR), el espesor de la capa de células ganglionares (CCG) y el grosor macular entre dichos pacientes y controles sanos. Método: Se realizó un estudio observacional, analítico y transversal en sujetos adultos, mayores de 18 años. El grupo de estudio estaba formado por 50 pacientes con EP, 90 con MC y 21 pacientes abstinentes con TUA, emparejados por edad y género, con adultos sanos. El grosor de las capas de la retina se midió mediante un OCT de dominio espectral (SD-OCT). Resultados: El grosor de la retina, en la zona macular, se encuentra claramente más adelgazado en los pacientes con EP que en los controles sanos (p ≤ 0,005). En el resto de las capas analizadas en los pacientes con EP, CFNR peripapilar, CFNR macular y CCG, existe un adelgazamiento en todas ellas, siendo significativo en el cuadrante inferior de la capa CFNR peripapilar (p = 0,008), en el grosor medio de la CFNR macular (p ≤ 0,001) y en el superior temporal e inferior temporal de la CCG (p ≤ 0,05). El sector más preservado en todas las capas ha sido el nasal. El espesor medio en la mácula (p = 0,012), en la CFNR macular (p = 0,026) y en diversos sectores de la CCG (p ≤ 0,007) es significativamente más delgado en los pacientes con MC que en los controles sanos. El espesor macular en los pacientes con TUA es significativamente menor en los cuadrantes superior e inferior (p ≤ 0,005). No se han encontrado diferencias significativas en la capa de fibras nerviosas maculares y papilares. En la CCG se han hallado diferencias en los cuadrantes inferior e inferior nasal (p ≤ 0,007). Conclusiones: En todas las enfermedades estudiadas existe una reducción del grosor en las diferentes capas de la retina. Especialmente, la EP está asociada a una disminución del espesor macular, la MC está asociada a una disminución en la CCG y el TUA a una reducción en el espesor macular y la CCG. En todos los casos, detectable mediante la técnica de diagnóstico OCT. Se encontró una correlación entre la gravedad, en la EP, y la reducción de espesores en la mácula y en la CFNR. De la misma manera, se reveló una correlación entre el tiempo de progresión de la MC y la reducción de espesores en mácula y CCG. También hubo una correlación significativa entre la reducción de espesor en la retina y el deterioro cognitivo, medido con el Test de Detección de Deterioro Cognitivo en el Alcoholismo (TEDCA), pero no con el consumo de alcohol. La cuantificación del daño axonal podría utilizarse como biomarcador y ayudar en el diagnóstico y seguimiento de estas patologías. Serán necesarios más estudios, sobre todo longitudinales, para corroborar estos hallazgos

Decrease Retinal Thickness in Patients with Chronic Migraine Evaluated by Optical Coherence Tomography

The purpose of this study is to determine the possible alterations that may occur in the thickness of the retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL), ganglion cell layer (GCL), and macular thickness in patients with chronic migraines compared with healthy controls. Hence, we examined some of the possibilities that are offered by optical coherence tomography (OCT) in order to study different neurological diseases and to study its application, in this case, how it may be applied to patients with chronic migraines. This was an observational cross-sectional study in adults aged 18-65 years. The study group consisted of 90 patients (90 eyes) with chronic migraines who met the inclusion criteria, and 90 healthy controls (90 eyes) matched for age and sex. Retinal thickness was measured by spectral domain OCT (SD-OCT). The thickness of the superior quadrant of the peripapillary RNFL, as well as the mean thickness in the macula, RNFL macular, and GCL was significantly thinner in chronic migraine patients than in healthy controls (p ≤ 0.05). Chronic migraines are associated with a decrease in retinal thickness which is detectable by an OCT diagnostic technique. The quantification of the axonal damage could be used as a biomarker to help in the diagnosis and monitoring of this pathology. Further studies will be needed to confirm these findings.Depto. de Optometría y VisiónFac. de Óptica y OptometríaTRUEUniversidad Camilo José Cela (España)Centro Óptico Riga (Jaén, España)pu

Detection of Neurological and Ophthalmological Pathologies with Optical Coherence Tomography Using Retinal Thickness Measurements: A Bibliometric Study

Submission received: 14 June 2020 / Revised: 31 July 2020 / Accepted: 5 August 2020 / Published: 7 August 2020We carry out a bibliometric analysis on neurological and ophthalmological pathologies based on retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness measured with optical coherence tomography (OCT). Documents were selected from Scopus database. We have applied the most commonly used bibliometric indicators, both for production and dispersion, as Price’s law of scientific literature growth, Lotka’s law, the transient index, and the Bradford model. Finally, the participation index of the different countries and affiliations was calculated. Two-hundred-and-forty-one documents from the period 2000–2019 were retrieved. Scientific production was better adjusted to linear growth (r = 0.88) than exponential (r = 0.87). The duplication time of the documents obtained was 5.6 years. The transience index was 89.62%, which indicates that most of the scientific production is due to very few authors. The signature rate per document was 5.2. Nine journals made up the Bradford core. USA and University of California present the highest production. The most frequently discussed topics on RNFL thinning are glaucoma and neurodegenerative diseases (NDD). The growth of the scientific literature on RNFL thickness was linear, with a very high rate of transience, which indicates low productivity and the presence of numerous authors who sporadically publish on this topic. No evidence of a saturation point was observed. In the last 10 years, there has been an increase in documents relating the decline of RNFL to NDD.Depto. de Optometría y VisiónFac. de Óptica y OptometríaTRUEpu

Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer in Patients with Alcohol Use Disorder

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optics and the Brain)The objectives of the present study are to determine the effects of alcohol use on the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and macular thickness of abstinent patients with alcohol use disorders (AUD) and to assess whether it correlates with alcohol consumption and/or cognitive impairment. This was a prospective, observational study that included 21 patients (42 eyes) and 21 controls (42 eyes). Patients met the criteria for early remission AUD at the moment of inclusion. We used optical coherence tomography to assess retinal thickness. Macular thickness in the group of AUD patients was lower in all quadrants (p < 0.05), with the exception of the peripheral and central. Regarding the nerve fiber layer in the macular and papilla areas, we found no significant differences. At the retina ganglion cell layer and in the nerve fiber of the macula, we found significant differences in all quadrants (p < 0.05), with the exception of the superior and superior nasal area, for the right eye. For the left eye, the only differences were found in the lower quadrant. Finally, when comparing the AUD patients to the controls, we found significant reductions in the ganglion cell layer of the macula in all quadrants in the former. There was a significant correlation between these findings and cognitive impairment (measured with the Test de Detección de Deterioro Cognitivo en Alcoholismo (TEDCA)), but not with alcohol consumption. Alcohol consumption is correlated with retinal harm and related cognitive decline.Universidad Camilo José Cela (España)Centro Óptico MonteroDepto. de Optometría y VisiónFac. de Óptica y OptometríaTRUEpu

Peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer thinning in genetic generalized epilepsy

Purpose The purpose of this study was to compare the peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) between patients with genetic generalized epilepsy (GGE) and healthy controls. Methods This prospective observational study was conducted on adults aged 18–60 years. The study group comprised 26 consecutive patients who met the inclusion criteria and 26 healthy age- and sex-matched healthy adults. Peripapillary RNFL thickness was measured by spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Results The average peripapillary RNFL thickness was significantly thinner for GGE patients (98.61 μm) than for healthy controls (104.77 μm) (p = 0.016). Similar results were obtained for the left eye. The peripapillary RFNL thickness of all quadrants was lower for GGE patients than for healthy controls, but it was significant only in the superior (p = 0.009) and inferior (p = 0.024) quadrants for both eyes. Conclusions Our results suggest that the peripapillary RNFL is significantly thinner in GGE patients than in healthy participants. We concluded that this microstructural feature might be an intrinsic feature of GGE.Sin financiación2.522 JCR (2019) Q3, 105/204 Clinical Neurology, 178/271 Neurosciences0.849 SJR (2019) Q2, 77/164 Neurology, 148/378 Neurology (clinical), 696/2754 Medicine (miscellaneous)No data IDR 2019UE

Corrigendum to "Peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer thinning in genetic generalized epilepsy" [Seizure: European Journal of Epilepsy 71 (2019) 201-206]

Sin financiación3.184 JCR (2020) Q3, 109/208 Clinical Neurology1.158 SJR (2020) Q1, 428/2446 Medicine (miscellaneous)No data IDR 2020UE