PSYCHOSOCIAL CORRELATES OF POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER IN PATIENTS WITH FIRE BURNS

OBJECTIVE: to elucidate the psychosocial correlates of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the burn victims of Pakistan. METHODOLOGY: A total of 200 burn victims were included in the sample. The standardized measures were used to assess the symptom levels of PTSD. The detailed demographic profile of the patients was also received for gleaning the demographics’ association with PTSD symptoms. The screening of PTSD symptoms for further clinical management had also been catered through this data collection strategy. For analysis SPSS Version 22.0 was employed. RESULT: Mean age of the respondents was 30.56+10.3 years. Most of the respondents were males (n=111, 55.5%), panjabi speaking (n=120; 60%), followers of Islam (n=146; 73%), lower socioeconomic class (n=93; 45.5%), illiterate (n=114; 57%), Unemployed/Housewife (n=155; 77.5%) and were married (n=143; 71.5%). Most of the respondents had high PTSD levels (n=169; 84.5%). Panjabi natives (n=105/120; 87.5%), married persons (n=120/143), urban background (n= 110/118; 93.2%), persons currently living with children (n=102/123; 82.9%), Unemployed/Housewife (n=140/155; 90.3%), illiterate (n=109/114; 95.6%), respondents who experienced domestic violence (n=150/151; 99.3%) and those experienced burn injuries less than one-year duration (n=140/151; 92.7%) had higher PTSD levels than their counterparts. Fifty-one (25.5 %) respondents had suicidal ideation. CONCLUSION: Being male, married, illiterate, urban background, having history of domestic abuse, unemployed/housewives, having lower education level and experienced burn injuries less than one-year duration are significant psychosocial correlates of PTSD in patients with fire burns

Exogenous citric acid improves growth and yield by concerted modulation of antioxidant defense system in brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) under salt-stress

Brinjal is sensitive to salinity, a common factor responsible for reducing its biomass and yield components. Recent research has demonstrated that citric acid/citrates can provide abiotic stress resistance in plants. In this study, Brinjal variety Pusakranti was treated with four concentrations of CA at 0, 100, 200, and 300 ppm applied foliarly under two levels of salt stress (0 mM and 60 mM NaCl) during spring 2021 with four replication per treatment. Salt stress reduced plant growth and yield attributes, pigments as well as metabolites in plants. Antioxidant enzyme activities of the plant increased compared to the non-stressed plants. While 300 ppm CA concentrations oenhanced the shoot and root fresh biomass (75 % and 71.8 %) and dry biomass (82.5 % and 40.7 %), while 200 ppm CA application increased the fruits count by 50 %, fruit diameter by 49 % and leaf photosynthetic pigments by 61 % compared to only salt-stressed plants. Similarly, CA application enhanced the antioxidants both enzymatic and non-enzymatic such as catalase by 42 %, peroxidase by 66 %, superoxide dismutase by 44 %, polyphenol oxidase by 50 % and Glutathione peroxidase by 37 % compared to only salt stressed plants. Furthermore, 300 ppm CA application also promoted the content of primary metabolites such as total protein content by 75 % and total free amino acids by 32 % as well as improvement in secondary metabolites such as total phenols by 31 % and flavonoids by 96 % compared to only salt treated plants. Overall, the above described results suggested that the foliarly applied CA(200 ppm) is a proficient approach which effectively counteract salt stress in brinjal by improving plant biomass, pigments, primary and secondary metabolites as well as modulating the the antioxidant defense system of the studied plant

Entropy Optimized Second Grade Fluid with MHD and Marangoni Convection Impacts: An Intelligent Neuro-Computing Paradigm

Artificial intelligence applications based on soft computing and machine learning algorithms have recently become the focus of researchers’ attention due to their robustness, precise modeling, simulation, and efficient assessment. The presented work aims to provide an innovative application of Levenberg Marquardt Technique with Artificial Back Propagated Neural Networks (LMT-ABPNN) to examine the entropy generation in Marangoni convection Magnetohydrodynamic Second Grade Fluidic flow model (MHD-SGFM) with Joule heating and dissipation impact. The PDEs describing MHD-SGFM are reduced into ODEs by appropriate transformation. The dataset is determined through Homotopy Analysis Method by the variation of physical parameters for all scenarios of proposed LMT-ABPNN. The reference data samples for training/validation/testing processes are utilized as targets to determine the approximated solution of proposed LMT-ABPNN. The performance of LMT-ABPNN is validated by MSE based fitness, error histogram scrutiny, and regression analysis. Furthermore, the influence of pertinent parameters on temperature, concentration, velocity, entropy generation, and Bejan number is also deliberated. The study reveals that the larger β and Ma, the higher f′(η) while M has the reverse influence on f′(η). For higher values of β, M, Ma, and Ec, θ(η) boosts. The concentration ϕ(η) drops as Ma and Sc grow. An augmentation is noticed for NG for higher estimations of β,M, and Br. Larger β,M and Br decays the Bejan number