Estimation of losses for adobe buildings in Pakistan

Adobe buildings are vulnerable to seismic forces. Large scale destructions and casualties have been caused due to the collapse of adobe buildings during the past earthquakes. A significant number of adobe structures exist in different parts of Pakistan, similar to other parts of the world. Since Pakistan lies in a seismic active region, it is necessary to assess the level of vulnerability of these buildings in order to estimate associated losses during a seismic event. This paper presents the results of a study which was conducted to quantify damages to adobe buildings based on their fragility curves. The adobe buildings were found to be highly vulnerable to low intensity earthquakes. The vulnerability of these buildings has been compared with the European adobe buildings. It was noted that Pakistani adobe buildings were slightly less resistant to earthquakes as compared to similar buildings in Europe. Retrofitting solutions were suggested in order to increase the seismic capacity of adobe buildings in Pakistan

Revisiting νμ(νˉμ)\nu_\mu(\bar\nu_\mu) and νe(νˉe)\nu_e(\bar\nu_e) Induced Quasielastic Scattering from Nuclei in Sub-GeV Energy Region

We present the results of charged current quasielastic(CCQE) scattering cross sections from free as well as bound nucleons like in $^{12}C$, $^{16}O$, $^{40}Ar$ and $^{208}Pb$ nuclear targets in $E_\nu(_{\bar\nu})~\le~$1 GeV energy region. The results are obtained using local Fermi gas model with and without RPA effect. The differences those may arise in the electron and muon production cross sections due to the different lepton mass, uncertainties in the axial dipole mass $M_A$ and pseudoscalar form factor, and due to the inclusion of second class currents have been highlighted for neutrino/antineutrino induced processes.Comment: Published in Journal of the Physical Society of Japan (NuInt-2015

Assessment of seismic performance of adobe structures in Pakistan and Portugal

Adobe buildings exist in different parts of the world. The construction of these buildings can be carried out economically, using locally available materials and skills that do not require use of modern machinery. Therefore, adobe buildings provide an economic housing option. The construction of adobe structures is carried out based on traditional construction practices which vary from region to region. This paper presents the results of a study which was conducted to study the construction practices of adobe buildings in Pakistan and Portugal in the context of their seismic vulnerability. The adobe buildings in both these countries were found to be subjected to seismic hazard levels which, although is low in some regions, may cause significant damages. Lack of essential elements or details for the adequate seismic performance was found in the adobe buildings in both regions

Indexing Voronoi Cell for Highest Order Voronoi Diagram using R-Tree

Indexing (Index) is a way of grouping objects into a field. The use indexes help us in the search in the database, especially in a spatial database. Indexing can be implemented in a Voronoi diagram. Voronoi diagram has the disadvantage that the data object to the fragmentation (fractional part Voronoi diagram) can not be directly retrieved by the search data. This is due to the fragmentation of accessing difficult because it requires high computing. Therefore it is necessary a fast search process fragmentation, it is used \textit{Indexing}. One type \textit{Indexing} is R-Tree, R-Tree is a tree structure that does record at each leaf node. R-tree is suitable for use in indexing spatial data object that has a large size because the entire tree can not be stored in the main memory it can reduce the cost of I / O to almost negligible. R-Tree will build a Minimum Bounding Rectangle (MBR) of a point generator is made from the point of intersection of the line Voronoi builder

Three new records of mysids (Crustacea: Mysidacea) from the northern Arabian Sea

This paper with the systematic study of three species of mysids, collected by R/V "Dr. Fridtjof Nansen", which are new to the northern Arabian Sea. The three species described and illustrated are: Siriella affinis Hansen, Afromysis macropsis Tattersal and Acanthomysis quadrispinosa Nouvel