Cloud application logging for forensics. In:

ABSTRACT Logs are one of the most important pieces of analytical data in a cloud-based service infrastructure. At any point in time, service owners and operators need to understand the status of each infrastructure component for fault monitoring, to assess feature usage, and to monitor business processes. Application developers, as well as security personnel, need access to historic information for debugging and forensic investigations. This paper discusses a logging framework and guidelines that provide a proactive approach to logging to ensure that the data needed for forensic investigations has been generated and collected. The standardized framework eliminates the need for logging stakeholders to reinvent their own standards. These guidelines make sure that critical information associated with cloud infrastructure and software as a service (SaaS) use-cases are collected as part of a defense in depth strategy. In addition, they ensure that log consumers can effectively and easily analyze, process, and correlate the emitted log records. The theoretical foundations are emphasized in the second part of the paper that covers the implementation of the framework in an example SaaS offering running on a public cloud service. While the framework is targeted towards and requires the buy-in from application developers, the data collected is critical to enable comprehensive forensic investigations. In addition, it helps IT architects and technical evaluators of logging architectures build a business oriented logging framework

New records and geographic distribution map of Adenomera heyeri Boistel, de Massary and Angulo, 2006 (Anura: Leptodactylidae)

Here we report new distributional data for Adenomera heyeri, a recently described species of the lowlands of the Guiana Shield. We compiled available and new occurrence data as well as the absence of records from field surveys that were undertaken in the Guiana Shield in order to evaluate the actual range of the species. We confirm that A. heyeri is potentially distributed over most forested part of the northern Guiana Shield lowlands. The pattern of distribution also reveals valuable information on the ecology of the species

Contributors

1.1 18.10.2001 Revised Outline of document 1.2 10.02.2002 Modifications to put text in sync with D2 1.3 20.04.2002 Modification on Section related to THOR 2.0 10.05.2002 Major revision on the sections related to false alarm handling 2.1 04.06.2002 Major revision on the section related to RIDAX 2.2 18.06.2002 Major revision of the last chapter 3.0 23.06.2002 Minor revision of the whole text 4.0 09.07.2002 Added middleware example, numerous corrections 4.1 17.07.2002 Numerous corrections 4.2 18.07.2002 Improved references 4.3 09.08.2002 Minor correction