Épidémiologie des accidents domestiques graves de l’enfant admis en réanimation pédiatrique polyvalente à l’hôpital d’enfants de Rabat-Maroc

Introduction: les accidents domestiques de l'enfant représentent un vrai problème de santé publique dans les pays industrialisés. Au Maroc, lapriorité en santé publique est toujours donnée aux pathologies   infectieuses, et bien qu'elle soit très peu décrite, la pathologie accidentelle de l'enfant devient de plus en plus fréquente dans notre pays avec une mortalité importante. L'objectif est de mettre le point sur la prévalence, lagravité, les aspects étiologiques, les facteurs de risque et les circonstances de survenue de ces accidents, ainsi que les moyens de préventionactive et passive. Méthodes: enquête rétrospective descriptive sur une période de douze mois portant sur tous les enfants pris en charge pour accident domestique grave au service de réanimation pédiatrique polyvalente de l'hôpital universitaire d'enfants de Rabat. Résultats: parmi 698 admissions, 108 cas d'accidents domestiques graves ont étaient colligés (soit 15,5%), L'âge moyen des enfants était de 04ans tout accident confondu, avec un sex-ratio de 1,08 en faveur des garçons. L'évolution générale était marquée par le décès de 16 enfants (soit 14,8%) parmi 164 décès toute pathologie confondue au cours de la même période d'étude (soit 9,75% des décès) avec une durée moyenne   d'hospitalisation de 04jours. les brûlures constituaient le premier accident dans notre série par 37cas, et elles étaient la première cause de mortalité par huit cas; par ailleurs, la population la plus à risque de brûlure était les nourrissons (67,6%). L'inhalation intrabronchique d'épingle à foulard  (accident particulier dans notre contexte islamique) à été retrouvée chez six cas. Conclusion: les accidents domestiques de l'enfant constituent rarement une préoccupation de premier plan dans la population alors qu'ils sont parfois très graves et source d'une mortalité importante. Le meilleur  traitement reste la prévention active et passive

Numerical analysis of laser preheating for laser assisted micro milling of Inconel 718

Micro milling of super alloy materials such as Inconel 718 is challenging due to their excellent mechanical properties. Therefore, new techniques have been suggested to enhance the machinability such as pre-heating the workpiece’s surface to reduce their strength and ductility. Applying pulsed wave laser as a heat source, the prediction of fluctuated temperature distribution in laser assisted micro milling (LAMM) is crucially important. The selection of processing parameters with minimum effect on the processing characteristic is decisive in obtaining high machining quality. Clarifying the effect of heat generated underneath the laser irradiated surface is important to predict the allowable maximum cutting depth and to minimize the risk of tool wear and failure. In this study, ANSYS APDL numerical analysis was used to characterise the workpiece temperature distribution. The numerical model was validated by comparing the results with actual laser irradiation experiment. The experiment was conducted by using Nd:YAG laser with wavelength 1064 nm

The influence of injection molding parameter on properties of thermally conductive plastic

Thermally conductive plastic is the composite between metal-plastic material that is becoming popular because if it special characteristic. Injection moulding was regarded as the best process for mass manufacturing of the plastic composite due to its low production cost. The objective of this research is to find the best combination of the injection parameter setting and to find the most significant factor that effect the strength and thermal conductivity of the composite. Several parameter such as the volume percentage of copper powder, nozzle temperature and injection pressure of injection moulding machine were investigated. The analysis was done using Design Expert Software by implementing design of experiment method. From the analysis, the significant effects were determined and mathematical models of only significant effect were established. In order to ensure the validity of the model, confirmation run was done and percentage errors were calculated. It was found that the best combination parameter setting to maximize the value of tensile strength is volume percentage of copper powder of 3.00%, the nozzle temperature of 195oC and the injection pressure of 65%, and the best combination parameter settings to maximize the value of thermal conductivity is volume percentage of copper powder of 7.00%, the nozzle temperature of 195oC and the injection pressure of 65% as recommended

Simple elbow dislocations: a systematic review of the literature

Objective: To identify if functional treatment is the best available treatment for simple elbow dislocations. Search strategy: Electronic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Selection criteria: Studies were eligible for inclusion if they were trials comparing different techniques for the treatment of simple elbow dislocations. Data analysis: Results were expressed as relative risk for dichotomous outcomes and weighted mean difference for continuous outcomes with 95% confidence intervals. Main results: This review has included data from two trials and three observational comparative studies. Important data were missing from three observational comparative studies and the results from these studies were extracted for this review. No difference was found between surgical treatment of the collateral ligaments and plaster immobilisation of the elbow joint. Better range of movement, less pain, better functional scores, shorter disability and shorter treatment time were seen after functional treatment versus plaster immobilisation

Periodic and Quasiperiodic Motion of an Elongated Microswimmer in Poiseuille Flow

We study the dynamics of a prolate spheroidal microswimmer in Poiseuille flow for different flow geometries. When moving between two parallel plates or in a cylindrical microchannel, the swimmer performs either periodic swinging or periodic tumbling motion. Although the trajectories of spherical and elongated swimmers are qualitatively similar, the swinging and tumbling frequency strongly depends on the aspect ratio of the swimmer. In channels with reduced symmetry the swimmers perform quasiperiodic motion which we demonstrate explicitely for swimming in a channel with elliptical cross section

Short communication: Epidemiological assessment of Strongyloides stercoralis in Fijian children

As a part of the lymphatic filariasis (LF) transmission assessment survey (TAS)/soil-transmitted helminths (STH) prevalence survey in Western Division of Fiji, a pilot screen for Strongyloides stercoralis (SS) in school children was undertaken using a combination of the Baermann concentration (BC) method and real-time PCR assays. Using BC, faecal samples collected from 111 children of 7 schools were examined. A single child was positive for larvae of SS and underwent a clinical examination finding an asymptomatic infection. Other members of this child's household were screened with BC, finding none infected. Aliquots of 173 faecal samples preserved in ethanol originating from all schools were examined by real-time PCR, and the prevalence of SS infection was 3.5%. Our study confirms the existence of SS infection on Fiji and showed that assessing SS prevalence alongside TAS/STH survey is a convenient access platform, allowing introduction of other surveillance techniques such as BC and real-time PCR.OAIID:RECH_ACHV_DSTSH_NO:T201623896RECH_ACHV_FG:RR00200001ADJUST_YN:EMP_ID:A076000CITE_RATE:0FILENAME:1-s2.0-S2405673116300253-main.pdfDEPT_NM:의학과EMAIL:[email protected]_YN:YFILEURL:https://srnd.snu.ac.kr/eXrepEIR/fws/file/39688340-4aed-4290-942e-06f46e4c9de3/linkCONFIRM:

Global landscape review of serotype-specific invasive pneumococcal disease surveillance among countries using PCV10/13: The pneumococcal serotype replacement and distribution estimation (PSERENADE) project

Serotype-specific surveillance for invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) is essential for assessing the impact of 10- and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV10/13). The Pneumococcal Serotype Replacement and Distribution Estimation (PSERENADE) project aimed to evaluate the global evidence to estimate the impact of PCV10/13 by age, product, schedule, and syndrome. Here we systematically characterize and summarize the global landscape of routine serotype-specific IPD surveillance in PCV10/13-using countries and describe the subset that are included in PSERENADE. Of 138 countries using PCV10/13 as of 2018, we identified 109 with IPD surveillance systems, 76 of which met PSERENADE data collection eligibility criteria. PSERENADE received data from most (n = 63, 82.9%), yielding 240,639 post-PCV10/13 introduction IPD cases. Pediatric and adult surveillance was represented from all geographic regions but was limited from lower income and high-burden countries. In PSERENADE, 18 sites evaluated PCV10, 42 PCV13, and 17 both; 17 sites used a 3 + 0 schedule, 38 used 2 + 1, 13 used 3 + 1, and 9 used mixed schedules. With such a sizeable and generally representative dataset, PSERENADE will be able to conduct robust analyses to estimate PCV impact and inform policy at national and global levels regarding adult immunization, schedule, and product choice, including for higher valency PCVs on the horizon

Genetic markers associated with resistance to beta-lactam and quinolone antimicrobials in non-typhoidal Salmonella isolates from humans and animals in central Ethiopia

Abstract Background Beta-lactam and quinolone antimicrobials are commonly used for treatment of infections caused by non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) and other pathogens. Resistance to these classes of antimicrobials has increased significantly in the recent years. However, little is known on the genetic basis of resistance to these drugs in Salmonella isolates from Ethiopia. Methods Salmonella isolates with reduced susceptibility to beta-lactams ( n \u2009=\u200943) were tested for genes encoding for beta-lactamase enzymes, and those resistant to quinolones ( n \u2009=\u200929) for mutations in the quinolone resistance determining region (QRDR) as well as plasmid mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes using PCR and sequencing. Results Beta-lactamase genes ( bla ) were detected in 34 (79.1%) of the isolates. The dominant bla gene was bla TEM, recovered from 33 (76.7%) of the isolates, majority being TEM-1 (24, 72.7%) followed by TEM-57, (10, 30.3%). The bla OXA-10 and bla CTX-M-15 were detected only in a single S. Concord human isolate. Double substitutions in gyr A (Ser83-Phe\u2009+\u2009Asp87-Gly) as well as par C (Thr57-Ser\u2009+\u2009Ser80-Ile) subunits of the quinolone resistance determining region (QRDR) were detected in all S. Kentucky isolates with high level resistance to both nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin. Single amino acid substitutions, Ser83-Phe ( n \u2009=\u20094) and Ser83-Tyr ( n \u2009=\u20091) were also detected in\ua0the gyr A gene. An isolate of S . Miami susceptible to nalidixic acid but intermediately resistant to ciprofloxacin had Thr57-Ser and an additional novel mutation (Tyr83-Phe) in the par C gene. Plasmid mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes investigated were not detected in any of the isolates. In some isolates with decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin and/or nalidixic acid, no mutations in QRDR or PMQR genes were detected. Over half of the quinolone resistant isolates in the current study 17 (58.6%) were also resistant to at least one of the beta-lactam antimicrobials. Conclusion Acquisition of bla TEM was the principal beta-lactamase resistance mechanism and mutations within QRDR of gyr A and par C were the primary mechanism for resistance to quinolones. Further study on extended ..

Global Landscape Review of Serotype-Specific Invasive Pneumococcal Disease Surveillance among Countries Using PCV10/13: The Pneumococcal Serotype Replacement and Distribution Estimation (PSERENADE) Project.

Serotype-specific surveillance for invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) is essential for assessing the impact of 10- and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV10/13). The Pneumococcal Serotype Replacement and Distribution Estimation (PSERENADE) project aimed to evaluate the global evidence to estimate the impact of PCV10/13 by age, product, schedule, and syndrome. Here we systematically characterize and summarize the global landscape of routine serotype-specific IPD surveillance in PCV10/13-using countries and describe the subset that are included in PSERENADE. Of 138 countries using PCV10/13 as of 2018, we identified 109 with IPD surveillance systems, 76 of which met PSERENADE data collection eligibility criteria. PSERENADE received data from most (n = 63, 82.9%), yielding 240,639 post-PCV10/13 introduction IPD cases. Pediatric and adult surveillance was represented from all geographic regions but was limited from lower income and high-burden countries. In PSERENADE, 18 sites evaluated PCV10, 42 PCV13, and 17 both; 17 sites used a 3 + 0 schedule, 38 used 2 + 1, 13 used 3 + 1, and 9 used mixed schedules. With such a sizeable and generally representative dataset, PSERENADE will be able to conduct robust analyses to estimate PCV impact and inform policy at national and global levels regarding adult immunization, schedule, and product choice, including for higher valency PCVs on the horizon