Desarrollo de un sistema de medida basado en espectroscopía de impedancia para la determinación de parámetros fisicoquímicos en alimentos

Una de las áreas prioritarias del Séptimo Programa Marco de la Unión Europea es Smart Control for Improved Food and Feed Technologies, cuyo objetivo es el desarrollo de nuevos métodos que faciliten el control de los procesos productivos y garanticen la calidad y seguridad de los productos agroalimentarios. La relevancia concedida a esta línea de investigación es un claro indicador del interés de todos los agentes implicados en impulsar la introducción de tecnologías innovadoras. La meta es implementar nuevas técnicas analíticas rápidas y económicas, que constituyan una alternativa real a los procedimientos tradicionales de control. El sistema de medida desarrollado se compone de tres partes: - Equipo de medida electrónico. La implementación de la técnica de espectroscopia de impedancia requiere la generación y muestreo de señales senoidales de amplitud variable de hasta 1MHz. Por ello, en el desarrollo del equipo de medida se han empleado técnicas digitales multiproceso, basadas en dispositivos de lógica programable (CPLD). - Aplicación PC. Un software diseñado para que de forma sencilla y rápida el usuario pueda modificar los parámetros (amplitud, rango de frecuencias, escala de corriente, etc.) de las señales que se aplican a las muestras. Además, recepciona los datos de tensión y corriente y calcula, grafica y almacena los valores de los espectros de impedancia. - Electrodos. Diseño de dos tipos de electrodos con geometrías diferentes y de reducidas dimensiones en comparación con las de las muestras para que las determinaciones realizadas tengan un carácter puntual y no destructivo. Se han denominado "Electrodo doble" y "Electrodo punta de flecha". El primero está configurado por dos agujas muy finas de acero inoxidable paralelas entre si. El segundo, diseñado con técnicas serigráficas mediante tecnología thick-film, está constituido por dos electrodos de pasta conductora fijados sobre una base de alúmina, con forma de punta de flecha.Masot Peris, R. (2010). Desarrollo de un sistema de medida basado en espectroscopía de impedancia para la determinación de parámetros fisicoquímicos en alimentos [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/8502Palanci

Metabolomic Profiling in Children with Celiac Disease: Beyond the Gluten-Free Diet

FEDER/Junta de Andalucía-Consejería de Transformación Económica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades Projects FEDER No B-AGR-658 and Excelencia P21_00101Investigation grant program by the Association of Celiacs and Sensitive to Gluten of the Community of Madrid” and the Government of Catalonia: Agency for the Management of University and Resarch Grants (2021SGR00990)Nutrición y Ciencias de los Alimentos” from the University of Granad

Celiac Disease Is a Risk Factor for Mature T and NK Cell Lymphoma: A Mendelian Randomization Study

Celiac disease (CeD) is an immune-mediated disorder triggered by gluten ingestion that damages the small intestine. Although CeD has been associated with a higher risk for cancer, the role of CeD as a risk factor for specific malignancies, such as enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma (EATL), remains controversial. Using two-sample Mendelian randomization (2SMR) methods and the summarized results of large genome-wide association studies from public repositories, we addressed the causal relationship between CeD and eight different malignancies. Eleven non- HLA SNPs were selected as instrumental variables (IVs), and causality estimates were obtained using four 2SMR methods: random-effects inverse variance-weighted, weighted median estimation, MR-Egger regression, and MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO).We identified a significant causal relationship between CeD and mature T/NK cell lymphomas. Under a multivariate Mendelian randomization model, we observed that the causal effect of CeD was not dependent on other known lymphoma risk factors. We found that the most instrumental IV was located in the TAGAP locus, suggesting that aberrant T cell activation might be relevant in the T/NK cell malignization process. Our findings provide new insights into the connection between immune imbalance and the development of severe comorbidities, such as EATL, in patients with CeD.Ministry of Science and Innovation, Spain (MICINN) IJC2018-038026-IEuropean CommissionSpanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through the Spanish National Plan for Scientific and Technical Research and Innovation PY20_00212Andalusian Government B-CTS-584-UGR20 B-AGR-658FEDER/Junta de Andalucia-Consejeria de Transformacion Economica, Industria, Conocimiento y UniversidadesGrant "Investigation grant program by the Association of Celiacs and Sensitive to Gluten of the Community of Madrid" PID2020-120157RB-I0

The Importance of an Early Evaluation after Establishing a Gluten-Free Diet in Children with Celiac Disease

The following are available online at https://www.mdpi.com/article/ 10.3390/nu15071761/s1This research was funded by the FEDER/Junta de Andalucía-Consejería de Transformación Económica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades/ Project No B-AGR-658. It was also partially funded with the grant “Investigation grant program by the Association of Celiacs and Sensitive to Gluten of the Community of Madrid”. It also was partially funded by BIOMEDAL S.L.A gluten-free diet (GFD) is the only treatment available for celiac disease (CD); hence, it is important to ensure correct adherence to the diet and adequate monitoring of the diet. The present study aims to assess the importance of an early follow-up of celiac patients after diagnosis of the disease, identify the role of stool gluten immunogenic peptides (GIPs) in the assessment of GFD adherence, and analyze possible nutritional imbalances or deficiencies in the GFD. This is a cross-sectional study carried out in pediatric patients with newly diagnosed CD in a tertiary hospital in Spain. Of the 61 patients included, 14% had positive stool GIPS at 4 months after CD diagnosis, Among them, 88% had negative stool GIPS at 9 months after diagnosis, following dietary advice. We found nutritional deficiencies in the GFD, such as vitamin D (with only 27% of patients with adequate intakes), folate, calcium, magnesium, and fiber. Similarly, we found imbalances: excess protein and fat intakes and a high percentage of total daily energy intake came from ultra-processed foods (UPF). These findings emphasize the importance of early follow-up of children after diagnosis of CD. It is also crucial to identify patients with poor GFD compliance based on stool GIPS and analyze GFD nutritional imbalances and deficits. Our findings may contribute to the development of specific strategies for the early follow-up of patients with CD, including appropriate nutritional counselling.FEDER/Junta de Andalucía-Consejería de Transformación Económica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades/ B-AGR-658"Investigation grant program by the Association of Celiacs and Sensitive to Gluten of the Community of Madrid"BIOMEDAL S.L

Freeze-Damage Detection in Lemons Using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy

[EN] Lemon is the most sensitive citrus fruit to cold. Therefore, it is of capital importance to detect and avoid temperatures that could damage the fruit both when it is still in the tree and in its subsequent commercialization. In order to rapidly identify frost damage in this fruit, a system based on the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy technique (EIS) was used. This system consists of a signal generator device associated with a personal computer (PC) to control the system and a double-needle stainless steel electrode. Tests with a set of fruits both natural and subsequently frozen-thawed allowed us to differentiate the behavior of the impedance value depending on whether the sample had been previously frozen or not by means of a single principal components analysis (PCA) and a partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). Artificial neural networks (ANNs) were used to generate a prediction model able to identify the damaged fruits just 24 hours after the cold phenomenon occurred, with sufficient robustness and reliability (CCR = 100%).This research was funded by the the Spanish Government/FEDER funds (RTI2018-100910-B-C43) (MINECO/FEDER) and the Conselleria d'Educacio, Investigacio, Cultura i Esport de la Generalitat Valenciana (GV/2018/090).Ochandio Fernández, A.; Olguín Pinatti, CA.; Masot Peris, R.; Laguarda-Miro, N. (2019). Freeze-Damage Detection in Lemons Using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy. Sensors. 19(18):1-12. https://doi.org/10.3390/s19184051S1121918Zabihi, H., Vogeler, I., Amin, Z. M., & Gourabi, B. R. (2016). Mapping the sensitivity of citrus crops to freeze stress using a geographical information system in Ramsar, Iran. Weather and Climate Extremes, 14, 17-23. doi:10.1016/j.wace.2016.10.002Tan, E. S., Slaughter, D. C., & Thompson, J. F. (2005). Freeze damage detection in oranges using gas sensors. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 35(2), 177-182. doi:10.1016/j.postharvbio.2004.07.008Slaughter, D. C., Obenland, D. M., Thompson, J. F., Arpaia, M. L., & Margosan, D. A. (2008). Non-destructive freeze damage detection in oranges using machine vision and ultraviolet fluorescence. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 48(3), 341-346. doi:10.1016/j.postharvbio.2007.09.012Sala, J. M., Sanchez-Ballesta, M. T., Alférez, F., Mulas, M., Zacarias, L., & Lafuente, M. T. (2005). A comparative study of the postharvest performance of an ABA-deficient mutant of oranges. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 37(3), 232-240. doi:10.1016/j.postharvbio.2005.05.006Siboza, X. I., Bertling, I., & Odindo, A. O. (2014). Salicylic acid and methyl jasmonate improve chilling tolerance in cold-stored lemon fruit (Citrus limon). Journal of Plant Physiology, 171(18), 1722-1731. doi:10.1016/j.jplph.2014.05.012Jha, P. K., Xanthakis, E., Chevallier, S., Jury, V., & Le-Bail, A. (2019). Assessment of freeze damage in fruits and vegetables. Food Research International, 121, 479-496. doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2018.12.002Sala, J. M., & Lafuente, M. T. (1999). Catalase in the Heat-Induced Chilling Tolerance of Cold-Stored Hybrid Fortune Mandarin Fruits. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 47(6), 2410-2414. doi:10.1021/jf980805eMoomkesh, S., Mireei, S. A., Sadeghi, M., & Nazeri, M. (2017). Early detection of freezing damage in sweet lemons using Vis/SWNIR spectroscopy. Biosystems Engineering, 164, 157-170. doi:10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2017.10.009Obenland, D. M., Aung, L. H., Bridges, D. L., & Mackey, B. E. (2003). Volatile Emissions of Navel Oranges as Predictors of Freeze Damage. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 51(11), 3367-3371. doi:10.1021/jf021109oGambhir, P. N., Choi, Y. J., Slaughter, D. C., Thompson, J. F., & McCarthy, M. J. (2005). Proton spin-spin relaxation time of peel and flesh of navel orange varieties exposed to freezing temperature. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 85(14), 2482-2486. doi:10.1002/jsfa.2266Fuentes, A., Masot, R., Fernández-Segovia, I., Ruiz-Rico, M., Alcañiz, M., & Barat, J. M. (2013). Differentiation between fresh and frozen-thawed sea bream (Sparus aurata) using impedance spectroscopy techniques. Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies, 19, 210-217. doi:10.1016/j.ifset.2013.05.001Conesa, C., García-Breijo, E., Loeff, E., Seguí, L., Fito, P., & Laguarda-Miró, N. (2015). An Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy-Based Technique to Identify and Quantify Fermentable Sugars in Pineapple Waste Valorization for Bioethanol Production. Sensors, 15(9), 22941-22955. doi:10.3390/s150922941Wu, L., Ogawa, Y., & Tagawa, A. (2008). Electrical impedance spectroscopy analysis of eggplant pulp and effects of drying and freezing–thawing treatments on its impedance characteristics. Journal of Food Engineering, 87(2), 274-280. doi:10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2007.12.003Serrano-Pallicer, E., Muñoz-Albero, M., Pérez-Fuster, C., Masot Peris, R., & Laguarda-Miró, N. (2018). Early Detection of Freeze Damage in Navelate Oranges with Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy. Sensors, 18(12), 4503. doi:10.3390/s18124503Grossi, M., & Riccò, B. (2017). Electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) for biological analysis and food characterization: a review. Journal of Sensors and Sensor Systems, 6(2), 303-325. doi:10.5194/jsss-6-303-2017Chowdhury, A., Kanti Bera, T., Ghoshal, D., & Chakraborty, B. (2016). Electrical Impedance Variations in Banana Ripening: An Analytical Study with Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy. Journal of Food Process Engineering, 40(2), e12387. doi:10.1111/jfpe.12387Bauchot, A. D., Harker, F. R., & Arnold, W. M. (2000). The use of electrical impedance spectroscopy to assess the physiological condition of kiwifruit. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 18(1), 9-18. doi:10.1016/s0925-5214(99)00056-3Figueiredo Neto, A., Cárdenas Olivier, N., Rabelo Cordeiro, E., & Pequeno de Oliveira, H. (2017). Determination of mango ripening degree by electrical impedance spectroscopy. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 143, 222-226. doi:10.1016/j.compag.2017.10.018Benavente, J., Ramos-Barrado, J. ., & Heredia, A. (1998). A study of the electrical behaviour of isolated tomato cuticular membranes and cutin by impedance spectroscopy measurements. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 140(1-3), 333-338. doi:10.1016/s0927-7757(97)00290-2Ando, Y., Maeda, Y., Mizutani, K., Wakatsuki, N., Hagiwara, S., & Nabetani, H. (2016). Impact of blanching and freeze-thaw pretreatment on drying rate of carrot roots in relation to changes in cell membrane function and cell wall structure. LWT - Food Science and Technology, 71, 40-46. doi:10.1016/j.lwt.2016.03.019Ando, Y., Maeda, Y., Mizutani, K., Wakatsuki, N., Hagiwara, S., & Nabetani, H. (2016). Effect of air-dehydration pretreatment before freezing on the electrical impedance characteristics and texture of carrots. Journal of Food Engineering, 169, 114-121. doi:10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2015.08.026Fuentes, A., Vázquez-Gutiérrez, J. L., Pérez-Gago, M. B., Vonasek, E., Nitin, N., & Barrett, D. M. (2014). Application of nondestructive impedance spectroscopy to determination of the effect of temperature on potato microstructure and texture. Journal of Food Engineering, 133, 16-22. doi:10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2014.02.016M’hiri, N., Veys-Renaux, D., Rocca, E., Ioannou, I., Boudhrioua, N. M., & Ghoul, M. (2016). Corrosion inhibition of carbon steel in acidic medium by orange peel extract and its main antioxidant compounds. Corrosion Science, 102, 55-62. doi:10.1016/j.corsci.2015.09.017Conesa, C., Ibáñez Civera, J., Seguí, L., Fito, P., & Laguarda-Miró, N. (2016). An Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy System for Monitoring Pineapple Waste Saccharification. Sensors, 16(2), 188. doi:10.3390/s16020188Conesa, C., Sánchez, L. G., Seguí, L., Fito, P., & Laguarda-Miró, N. (2017). Ethanol quantification in pineapple waste by an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy-based system and artificial neural networks. Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems, 161, 1-7. doi:10.1016/j.chemolab.2016.12.005Ulrich, C., Petersson, H., Sundgren, H., Björefors, F., & Krantz-Rülcker, C. (2007). Simultaneous estimation of soot and diesel contamination in engine oil using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 127(2), 613-618. doi:10.1016/j.snb.2007.05.014Olivati, C. A., Riul, A., Balogh, D. T., Oliveira, O. N., & Ferreira, M. (2008). Detection of phenolic compounds using impedance spectroscopy measurements. Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering, 32(1), 41-46. doi:10.1007/s00449-008-0218-4Martínez Gil, P., Laguarda-Miro, N., Camino, J. S., & Peris, R. M. (2013). Glyphosate detection with ammonium nitrate and humic acids as potential interfering substances by pulsed voltammetry technique. Talanta, 115, 702-705. doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2013.06.030Górski, Ł., Sordoń, W., Ciepiela, F., Kubiak, W. W., & Jakubowska, M. (2016). Voltammetric classification of ciders with PLS-DA. Talanta, 146, 231-236. doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2015.08.027Kumar, G., & Buchheit, R. G. (2008). Use of Artificial Neural Network Models to Predict Coated Component Life from Short-Term Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Measurements. CORROSION, 64(3), 241-254. doi:10.5006/1.3278469Eddahech, A., Briat, O., Bertrand, N., Delétage, J.-Y., & Vinassa, J.-M. (2012). Behavior and state-of-health monitoring of Li-ion batteries using impedance spectroscopy and recurrent neural networks. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 42(1), 487-494. doi:10.1016/j.ijepes.2012.04.050Conesa, C., Seguí, L., Laguarda-Miró, N., & Fito, P. (2016). Microwaves as a pretreatment for enhancing enzymatic hydrolysis of pineapple industrial waste for bioethanol production. Food and Bioproducts Processing, 100, 203-213. doi:10.1016/j.fbp.2016.07.001Masot, R., Alcañiz, M., Fuentes, A., Schmidt, F. C., Barat, J. M., Gil, L., … Soto, J. (2010). Design of a low-cost non-destructive system for punctual measurements of salt levels in food products using impedance spectroscopy. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, 158(2), 217-223. doi:10.1016/j.sna.2010.01.010Wold, S., Sjöström, M., & Eriksson, L. (2001). PLS-regression: a basic tool of chemometrics. Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems, 58(2), 109-130. doi:10.1016/s0169-7439(01)00155-1Legin, Zadorozhnaya, Khaydukova, Kirsanov, Rybakin, Zagrebin, … Legin. (2019). Rapid Evaluation of Integral Quality and Safety of Surface and Waste Waters by a Multisensor System (Electronic Tongue). Sensors, 19(9), 2019. doi:10.3390/s19092019Garcia-Breijo, E., Atkinson, J., Gil-Sanchez, L., Masot, R., Ibañez, J., Garrigues, J., … Olguin, C. (2011). A comparison study of pattern recognition algorithms implemented on a microcontroller for use in an electronic tongue for monitoring drinking waters. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, 172(2), 570-582. doi:10.1016/j.sna.2011.09.039Garcia-Breijo, E., Garrigues, J., Sanchez, L., & Laguarda-Miro, N. (2013). An Embedded Simplified Fuzzy ARTMAP Implemented on a Microcontroller for Food Classification. Sensors, 13(8), 10418-10429. doi:10.3390/s130810418Brezmes, J., Cabre, P., Rojo, S., Llobet, E., Vilanova, X., & Correig, X. (2005). Discrimination between different samples of olive oil using variable selection techniques and modified fuzzy artmap neural networks. IEEE Sensors Journal, 5(3), 463-470. doi:10.1109/jsen.2005.846186Ibáñez Civera, J., Garcia Breijo, E., Laguarda Miró, N., Gil Sánchez, L., Garrigues Baixauli, J., Romero Gil, I., … Alcañiz Fillol, M. (2011). Artificial neural network onto eight bit microcontroller for Secchi depth calculation. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 156(1), 132-139. doi:10.1016/j.snb.2011.04.001Fricke, H., & Morse, S. (1925). THE ELECTRIC RESISTANCE AND CAPACITY OF BLOOD FOR FREQUENCIES BETWEEN 800 AND 4½ MILLION CYCLES. Journal of General Physiology, 9(2), 153-167. doi:10.1085/jgp.9.2.153Damez, J.-L., Clerjon, S., Abouelkaram, S., & Lepetit, J. (2007). Dielectric behavior of beef meat in the 1–1500kHz range: Simulation with the Fricke/Cole–Cole model. Meat Science, 77(4), 512-519. doi:10.1016/j.meatsci.2007.04.028Zhang, L., Shen, H., & Luo, Y. (2010). Study on the electric conduction properties of fresh and frozen-thawed grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) and tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus). International Journal of Food Science & Technology, 45(12), 2560-2564. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2621.2010.02428.

A Rapid Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy and Sensor-Based Method for Monitoring Freeze-Damage in Tangerines

[EN] This study focuses on the analysis and early detection of freeze-damage in tangerines using a specific double-needle sensor and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). Freeze damage may appear in citrus fruits both in the field and in postharvest processes resulting in quality loss and a difficult commercialization of the fruit. EIS has been used to test a set of homogeneous tangerine samples both fresh and later frozen to analyze electrochemical and biological differences. A double-needle electrode associated to a specifically designed electronic device and software has been designed and used to send an AC electric sinusoidal signal 1 V in amplitude and frequency range [100Hz to 1MHz] to the analyzed samples and then receive the electrochemical impedance response. EIS measurements lead to distinct values of both impedance module and phase of fresh and frozen samples over a wide frequency range. Statistical treatment of the received data set by Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) shows a clear classification of the samples depending on the experienced freeze phenomenon, with high sensitivity (1.00), specificity (>= 0.95) and confidence level (95%). Later Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) analysis based on 20-3-1 architecture has allowed to create a mathematical prediction model able to correctly classify 100% of the analyzed samples (CCR =100% for training, validation and test phases, and overall classification), being fast, easy, robust and reliable, and an interesting alternative method to the traditional laboratory analyses.This work was supported by the Spanish Government/FEDER funds [Ministerio de Economia y Empresa (MINECO)/Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER)] under Grant RTI2018-100910-B-C43 and in part by the Conselleria d'Educacio, Investigacio, Cultura i Esport de la Generalitat Valenciana under Grant GV/2018/090.Albelda Aparisi, P.; Fortes Sánchez, E.; Contat-Rodrigo, L.; Masot Peris, R.; Laguarda-Miro, N. (2021). A Rapid Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy and Sensor-Based Method for Monitoring Freeze-Damage in Tangerines. IEEE Sensors Journal. 21(10):12009-12018. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2021.3065846S1200912018211

Development of a new salmon salting smoking method and process monitoring by impedance spectroscopy

[EN] In this work two objectives were proposed: (i) to optimize a new salmon salting smoking method using vacuum packaging and (ii) to evaluate the application of impedance spectroscopy (IS) to the on-line monitoring of the process. Different processing conditions were evaluated (4 smoke flavoring (SF) salt concentrations, 3 salting times, salting in vacuum or in air). Physico-chemical analyses and IS measurements were performed with three different sensors during the process. Salting with 16 g SF salt/100 g fish in vacuum packaging provided smoked salmon similar to products currently available on the market. This new method has the advantages of reducing processing times and waste. IS measurements were carried out by three different electrodes. The most appropriate sensor for process monitoring was a needle electrode, with which robust prediction models for NaCl content, moisture and a,,, during the salting smoking process were obtained. The results showed the potential of IS as a rapid on-line monitoring method of the salmon salting smoking process. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support for the work reported here received from the Generalitat Valenciana (GV/2011/098) and the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia (UPV) (PAID-06-09-2940). A. Fuentes would like to thank the Campus de Excelencia Internacional at the UPV for its support. The proof-reading of this paper was funded by the UPV, Spain.Rizo Párraga, AM.; Fuentes López, A.; Fernández Segovia, I.; Masot Peris, R.; Alcañiz Fillol, M.; Barat Baviera, JM. (2013). Development of a new salmon salting smoking method and process monitoring by impedance spectroscopy. LWT - Food Science and Technology. 51(1):218-224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2012.09.025S21822451

EEN Yesterday and Today … CDED Today and Tomorrow.

The treatment of Pediatric Crohn's Disease (CD) requires attention both to achieve mucosal healing and to optimize growth, while also maintaining proper bone health. Exclusive Enteral Nutrition (EEN) is recommended as first-line treatment in luminal CD. The therapeutic mechanisms of EEN are being discovered by advances in the study of the gut microbiota. Although the total exclusion of a normal diet during the time of EEN continues to be of high importance, new modalities of dietary treatment suggest a successful future for the nutritional management of CD. In this sense, Crohn's Disease Exclusion Diet (CDED) is a long-term strategy, it apparently acts on the mechanisms that influence the appearance of inflammation (reducing dietary exposure to products negatively affecting the microbiota), but does so using specific available whole foods to achieve this goal, increases the time of clinical remission and promotes healthy lifestyle habits. The development of CDED, which partly minimizes the problems of EEN, has enabled a turnaround in the treatment of pediatric CD. This review highlights the role of enteral nutrition in the treatment of Crohn's disease with special emphasis on newer dietary modalities such as CDED

Software y bibliografía para enseñanza de interpretación de datos en una asignatura de Máster

[EN] In the Master's Degree in Sensors for Industrial Applications of the Universitat Politècnica de València, the subject "Modeling techniques" is taught. "Application of multivariate techniques to real experiences" is one of the 3 didactic units that make up this subject. This unit focuses on the one hand on the explanation of the philosophy of electronic tongues as an example of sensors in the industrial field, and on the other hand, on the use of multivariate statistics for interpretation of the information of these sensors. The teaching of this didactic unit is carried out with an intuitive and simple software such as the SOLO program (Eigenvector Research, Inc.) and its application to a set of data derived from experiments carried out previously by the teacher's research team. As proof of mastery of the subject the students are required to reproduce the process in a new set of data provided by the teacher and obtained also in the laboratory by the teacher's research team. For both sets of data there are the respective research articles in which the student can consult a greater detail of the approach of the work and the discussion of the results.[ES] En el Máster Universitario de Sensores para Aplicaciones Industriales de la Universitat Politècnica de València se imparte la asignatura “Técnicas de modelización”. “Aplicación de técnicas multivariantes a experiencias reales” es una de las 3 unidades didácticas que integran esta asignatura. Esta unidad se centra en por una parte en la explicación de la filosofía de las lenguas electrónicas como ejemplo de sensores en el ámbito industrial y por otra, en el uso de la estadística multivariante para interpretación de la información de estos sensores. La docencia de esta unidad didáctica se realiza con un software intuitivo y sencillo como es el programa SOLO (Eigenvector Research, Inc.) y su aplicación a un conjunto de datos derivados de experimentos llevados a cabo previamente por el equipo de investigación del docente. Como comprobación del dominio de la materia a los alumnos se les requiere la reproducción del proceso en un nuevo conjunto de datos proporcionado por el profesor y obtenido también en el laboratorio por el equipo de investigación del docente. Para ambos conjuntos de datos existen los respectivos artículos de investigación en los que el alumno puede consultar un mayor detalle del planteamiento del trabajo y la discusión de los resultados.Martínez Bisbal, MC.; Masot Peris, R.; Alcañiz Fillol, M. (2019). Software y bibliografía para enseñanza de interpretación de datos en una asignatura de Máster. En IN-RED 2019. V Congreso de Innovación Educativa y Docencia en Red. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 235-240. https://doi.org/10.4995/INRED2019.2019.10409OCS23524

Development of a puncture electronic device for electrical conductivity measurements throughout meat salting

Conductivity measurements of food systems are of high interest because they are related with food characteristics such as free water and salt content. Nevertheless, as far as now no devices have been developed for punctual conductivity measurements inside solid foods. The aim of this work was to develop a conductimeter which allows obtaining punctual measurements in different locations of solid foods. The sensor consists of a coaxial needle while an electrical sign controlled by microcontroller is applied. The preliminary results indicate that the obtained response is proportional to the conductivity and the salt content in the zone of measurement of the food, being possible its use for salted food analysis and control