Retenção de compostos fenólicos e aceitabilidade de churros sem glúten feitos com farinha de sorgo com ou sem tanino

The objective of this work was to evaluate the acceptability of gluten-free churros made either with tannin or tannin-free sorghum flour, as well as the retention of their phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity retention after cooking and frying. The churros were developed by replacing wheat flour with sorghum flour from the sorghum cultivars BRS 305 with tannin (T-churro) or BRS 501 tannin free (TF-churro). The content of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity were evaluated before and after the thermal processing. Both products had a high acceptability (84.5‒95.5%) for all evaluated sensory attributes, and no difference was observed for color, aroma, and flavor. However, the T-churro showed a higher acceptance for texture, overall acceptability, and purchase intention. The churros had a similar proximate composition for fiber content. The phenol content was about three times and antioxidant activity about 20 times higher for T-churro than for TF-churro. Although subjected to two types of processing (cooking and frying), the fried and ready-to-eat T-churro retained more than 50% of anthocyanins, phenols, and antioxidant activity. The TF-churro product showed a retention of these compounds above 70, 40, and 65%, respectively. The tannin content of 'BRS 305' sorghum increases its functional potential and does not negatively affect the acceptability of the churros. Sorghum either with or without tannins has the potential to be used for the production of gluten-free churros.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a aceitabilidade de churros sem glúten, feitos com farinha de sorgo com ou sem tanino, assim como a retenção de seus compostos fenólicos e da sua capacidade antioxidante após processamento por cozimento e fritura. Os churros foram desenvolvidos pela substituição da farinha de trigo por farinhas de sorgo das cultivares BRS 305 com tanino (T-churro) ou BR 501 sem tanino (TF-churro). O teor de compostos fenólicos e a atividade antioxidante foram avaliados antes e depois do processamento térmico. Ambos os produtos apresentaram alta aceitabilidade (84,5‒95,5%) para todos os atributos sensoriais avaliados, e nenhuma diferença foi observada quanto à cor, ao aroma e ao sabor. Entretanto, o T-churro teve maior aceitação quanto à textura, à aceitabilidade geral e à intenção de compra. Os churros apresentaram composição centesimal semelhante quanto ao conteúdo de fibra. O teor de fenol foi cerca de três vezes e a atividade antioxidante cerca de 20 vezes maior no T-churro do que no TF‑churro. Apesar de ter sido submetido a dois tipos de processamento (cozimento e fritura), o T-churro frito pronto para consumo apresentou mais de 50% de retenção de antocianinas, fenóis e atividade antioxidante, após a fritura. O produto TF-churro apresentou retenção desses compostos acima de 70, 40 e 65%, respectivamente. O teor de tanino do sorgo 'BRS 305' aumenta seu potencial funcional e não afeta negativamente a aceitabilidade dos churros. Sorgos com ou sem taninos têm potencial para a produção de churros sem glúten

Neurobehavioral and Antioxidant Effects of Ethanolic Extract of Yellow Propolis

Propolis is a resin produced by bees from raw material collected from plants, salivary secretions, and beeswax. New therapeutic properties for the Central Nervous System have emerged. We explored the neurobehavioral and antioxidant effects of an ethanolic extract of yellow propolis (EEYP) rich in triterpenoids, primarily lupeol and β-amyrin. Male Wistar rats, 3 months old, were intraperitoneally treated with Tween 5% (control), EEYP (1, 3, 10, and 30 mg/kg), or diazepam, fluoxetine, and caffeine (positive controls) 30 min before the assays. Animals were submitted to open field, elevated plus maze, forced swimming, and inhibitory avoidance tests. After behavioral tasks, blood samples were collected through intracardiac pathway, to evaluate the oxidative balance. The results obtained in the open field and in the elevated plus maze assay showed spontaneous locomotion preserved and anxiolytic-like activity. In the forced swimming test, EEYP demonstrated antidepressant-like activity. In the inhibitory avoidance test, EEYP showed mnemonic activity at 30 mg/kg. In the evaluation of oxidative biochemistry, the extract reduced the production of nitric oxide and malondialdehyde without changing level of total antioxidant, catalase, and superoxide dismutase, induced by behavioral stress. Our results highlight that EEYP emerges as a promising anxiolytic, antidepressant, mnemonic, and antioxidant natural product

Doenças endocrinológicas com repercussões psiquiátricas: revisão sistemática / Endocrinological disorders with psychiatric repercussions: a systematic review

O objetivo do estudo foi realizar uma revisão sistemática de literatura sobre doenças endocrinológicas com repercussões psiquiátricas. Para isso, realizou-se uma revisão sistemática de literatura, através de uma busca nas bases de dados Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, Google Scholar e Scientific Electronic Library Online, utilizando-se os descritores: Endocrinology, Mental Disorders, Psychiatric Symptoms, Cushing’s syndrome, Hyperthyroidism, Hypothyroidism, Addison disease. Através disso, foram selecionados 12 artigos que compunham os critérios de inclusão e exclusão do presente estudo. Dessa forma, destaca-se que os estudos evidenciaram que diversos são as repercussões psiquiátricas em pacientes com doenças endocrinológicas, variando desde transtornos de ansiedade, depressão, transtorno de déficit de atenção/hiperatividade e psicose, cabendo aos profissionais o diagnóstico correto e em tempo hábil para auxiliar na qualidade de vida do indivíduo. 

Anterior cruciate ligament ganglion: case report

CONTEXT: A ganglion is a cystic formation close to joints or tendinous sheaths, frequently found in the wrist, foot or knee. Intra-articular ganglia of the knee are rare, and most of them are located in the anterior cruciate ligament. The clinical picture for these ganglia comprises pain and movement restrictions in the knee, causing significant impairment to the patient. Symptoms are non-specific, and anterior cruciate ligament ganglia are usually diagnosed through magnetic resonance imaging or arthroscopy. Not all ganglia diagnosed through magnetic resonance imaging need to undergo surgical treatment: only those that cause clinical signs and symptoms do. Surgical results are considered good or excellent in the vast majority of cases. CASE REPORT: A 29-year-old male presented with pain in the left knee during a marathon race. Physical examination revealed limitation in the maximum range of knee extension and pain in the posterior aspect of the left knee. Radiographs of the left knee were normal, but magnetic resonance imaging revealed a multi-lobed cystic structure adjacent to the anterior cruciate ligament, which resembled a ganglion cyst. The mass was removed through arthroscopy, and pathological examination revealed a synovial cyst. Patient recovery was excellent, and he resumed his usual training routine five months later

Flash glucose monitoring system in patients with type 1 diabetes in healthcare center in Brazil: real world data from a short-term prospective study

ABSTRACT Objectives: To evaluate the alternate use of flash glucose monitoring (FGM) with self-monitoring blood glucose (SMBG), in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Materials and methods: Two weeks of open FGM (P2), both preceded (P1) and followed by 2 weeks (P3) of SMBG with a blinded FGM system. Mean absolute relative difference (MARD) was calculated by (|FGMi − SMBGi|) / SMBGi, where it was a paired data sample. Results: In total, 34 patients were evaluated. Time in range (TIR) did not change between P1 and P2. In 12 patients (35.3%), TIR increased from 40% at P1 to 52% at P2 (p = 0.002) and in 22 (64.7%), TIR decreased or did not change. FGM use resulted in decreased % time spent in hypoglycemia (180 mg/dL) (44.5% to 51%; p = 0.046) with no significant change in % TIR. The proportion of patients who reached sensor-estimated glycated hemoglobin (eA1c) < 7% decreased from 23.5% at P1 to 12.9% at P2, p = 0.028. For the whole sample, the MARD between the two methods was 15.5% (95% CI 14.5-16.6%). For normal glucose range, hyperglycemic levels and hypoglycemic levels MARD were 16.0% (95% CI 15.0-17.0%), 13.3% (95% CI 11.5-15.2%) and 23.4% [95% CI 20.5-26.3%)], respectively. Conclusion: FGM after usual SMBG decreased the % time spent in hypoglycemia concomitant with an undesired increase in % time spent in hyperglycemia. Lower accuracy of FGM regarding hypoglycemia levels could result in overcorrection of hypoglycemia

“K-Powder” Exposure during Adolescence Elicits Psychiatric Disturbances Associated with Oxidative Stress in Female Rats

Ketamine, also called ‘K-powder’ by abusers, an analog of phencyclidine, primarily acts as an antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors, therapeutically used as an anesthetic agent. Ketamine also stimulates the limbic system, inducing hallucinations and dissociative effects. At sub-anesthetic doses, ketamine also displays hallucinatory and dissociative properties, but not loss of consciousness. These behavioral consequences have elicited its recreational use worldwide, mainly at rave parties. Ketamine is generally a drug of choice among teenagers and young adults; however, the harmful consequences of its recreational use on adolescent central nervous systems are poorly explored. Thus, the aim of the present study was to characterize the behavioral and biochemical consequences induced by one binge-like cycle of ketamine during the early withdrawal period in adolescent female rats. Adolescent female Wistar rats (n = 20) received intraperitoneally administered ketamine (10 mg/kg/day) for 3 consecutive days. Twenty-four hours after the last administration of ketamine, animals were submitted to behavioral tests in an open field, elevated plus-maze, and forced swimming test. Then, animals were intranasally anesthetized with 2% isoflurane and euthanized to collect prefrontal cortex and hippocampus to assess lipid peroxidation, antioxidant capacity against peroxyl radicals, reactive oxygen species, reduced glutathione, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels. Our results found that 24 h after recreational ketamine use, emotional behavior disabilities, such as anxiety- and depression-like profiles, were detected. In addition, spontaneous ambulation was reduced. These negative behavioral phenotypes were associated with evidence of oxidative stress on the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus

One binge-type cycle of alcohol plus ketamine exposure induces emotional-like disorders associated with oxidative damage in adolescent female rats

Drug abuse is a global public health problem among adolescents, with alcohol often used in association with other psychotropic drugs, such as ketamine. Considering the scarcity of evidence, this study aimed to investigate emotional behavioral effects induced by ethanol plus ketamine co-abuse, as well as oxidative biochemistry, and neurotrophic mediator in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in the early withdrawal of adolescent female rats. Animals were divided into control, ethanol, ketamine, and ethanol plus ketamine groups. The protocol administration was performed for 3 consecutive days (binge-like pattern). Behavioral assays of open field, elevated plus maze, and forced swim test were performed. After that, the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus were collected to evaluate oxidative biochemistry (reactive oxygen species-ROS; Antioxidant capacity against peroxyl radicals-ACAP; and lipid peroxidation). We found that isolated or combined ethanol and ketamine exposure displayed anxiety- and depressive-like profile, in a non-synergistically manner during early withdrawal. However, oxidative damage was aggravated in the co-administered animals than in isolated exposed subjects. We concluded that ethanol plus ketamine co-abuse may intensify oxidative damage in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex in the early withdrawal of adolescent female rats, which was not reflected in the emotional behavioral phenotype. Data availability statement: The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current investigation are available upon reasonable request from the corresponding author

One binge-type cycle of alcohol plus ketamine exposure induces emotional-like disorders associated with oxidative damage in adolescent female rats

This work is supported by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES-FINANCE CODE 001); Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico – CNPq/ Brazil for her Research Productivity Grant (number 311335/2019–5 to CSFM); R.R.L. is a researcher from the CNPq, under grant number 312275/ 2021–8. Research Pro-Rectory of the Federal University of Pará (PROPESP, UFPA, Brazil).Federal University of Pará. Institute of Health Science. Faculty of Pharmacy. Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior. Belém, PA, Brazil.Federal University of Pará. Institute of Health Science. Faculty of Pharmacy. Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior. Belém, PA, Brazil.Federal University of Pará. Institute of Health Science. Faculty of Pharmacy. Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior. Belém, PA, Brazil.Federal University of Pará. Institute of Health Science. Faculty of Pharmacy. Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior. Belém, PA, Brazil.Federal University of Pará. Institute of Health Science. Faculty of Pharmacy. Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior. Belém, PA, Brazil.University of Pará State. Center for Biological and Health Sciences. Belém, PA, Brazil.Federal University of Pará. Institute of Biological Science. Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology of Cardiovascular System. Belém, PA, Brazil.Federal University of Pará. Institute of Biological Sciences. Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology. Belém, PA, Brazil.Federal University of Pará. Institute of Biological Sciences. Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology. Belém, PA, Brazil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Citogenômica e Mutagênese Ambiental. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Citogenômica e Mutagênese Ambiental. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ophir Loyola Hospital. Laboratory of Molecular Biology. Belém, PA, Brazil.Ophir Loyola Hospital. Laboratory of Molecular Biology. Belém, PA, Brazil.Federal University of Pará. Institute of Health Science. Faculty of Pharmacy. Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior. Belém, PA, Brazil.Federal University of Pará. Institute of Health Science. Faculty of Pharmacy. Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior. Belém, PA, Brazil.Drug abuse is a global public health problem among adolescents, with alcohol often used in association with other psychotropic drugs, such as ketamine. Considering the scarcity of evidence, this study aimed to investigate emotional behavioral effects induced by ethanol plus ketamine co-abuse, as well as oxidative biochemistry, and neurotrophic mediator in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in the early withdrawal of adolescent female rats. Animals were divided into control, ethanol, ketamine, and ethanol plus ketamine groups. The protocol administration was performed for 3 consecutive days (binge-like pattern). Behavioral assays of open field, elevated plus maze, and forced swim test were performed. After that, the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus were collected to evaluate oxidative biochemistry (reactive oxygen species-ROS; Antioxidant capacity against peroxyl radicals-ACAP; and lipid peroxidation). We found that isolated or combined ethanol and ketamine exposure displayed anxiety- and depressive-like profile, in a non-synergistically manner during early withdrawal. However, oxidative damage was aggravated in the co-administered animals than in isolated exposed subjects. We concluded that ethanol plus ketamine co-abuse may intensify oxidative damage in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex in the early withdrawal of adolescent female rats, which was not reflected in the emotional behavioral phenotype