Strategy for the management of diabetic macular edema: the European Vitreo-Retinal Society macular edema study

Objective. To compare the efficacy of different therapies in the treatment of diabetic macular edema (DME). Design. Nonrandomized, multicenter clinical study. Participants. 86 retina specialists from 29 countries provided clinical information on 2,603 patients with macular edema including 870 patients with DME. Methods. Reported data included the type and number of treatment(s) performed, the pre-and posttreatment visual acuities, and other clinical findings.The results were analyzed by the French INSEE (National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies). Main Outcome Measures. Mean change of visual acuity and mean number of treatments performed. Results.The change in visual acuity over time in response to each treatment was plotted in second order polynomial regression trend lines. Intravitreal triamcinolone monotherapy resulted in some improvement in vision. Treatmentwith threshold or subthreshold grid laser also resulted in minimal vision gain. Anti-VEGF therapy resulted in more significant visual improvement. Treatment with pars plana vitrectomy and internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling alone resulted in an improvement in vision greater than that observed with anti-VEGF injection alone. In our DME study, treatment with vitrectomy and ILM peeling alone resulted in the better visual improvement compared to other therapies

REUSE AND REPAIR OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT

<p><strong>The purpose</strong> of this paper is to analyze how circular economy procedures help reuse WEEE and identify the factors that led to the generation of waste electrical and electronic equipment during COVID-19.</p><p><strong>The methodology</strong> applied in this work is the method of qualitative analysis of the secondary data from the specialized literature, based on the criteria for elaborating a systematic theoretical review in order to map the existing knowledge regarding the evaluation of the reuse and repair of waste electrical and electronic equipment</p><p><strong>Findings </strong>A total of 48 scientific articles were published between 2017 and 2022. The articles were identified based on appropriate sets of keywords and terms: reuse, circular economy, repair. Following the filters applied, such as the type of document, and the Web of science category, there are a number of 21 articles left that have been analyzed yourself</p><p><strong>Research limitations/implications </strong>The literature contains a fairly small number of reports on the management and life-cycle extension of electrical and electronic waste</p><p><strong>Practical implications </strong>This method of reusing waste electrical and electronic equipment allows the product to retain its economic value for as long as possible, thus helping both the social and the economic environment</p><p><strong>Originality/value </strong>The most effective end-of-life option for waste electric and electronic equifers is reuse, a good option for environmental impact and socio-economic benefits. Thus, following these analyzed articles, measures are recommended to improve the management of waste electrical and electronic equipment at a global level, more precisely the inclusion of the principles of the circular economy in the production of electrical and electronic equipment.</p&gt