173 research outputs found
Bistability in superconducting rings containing an inhomogeneous Josephson junction
We investigate the magnetic response of a superconducting Nb ring containing
a ferromagnetic PdNi Josephson junction and a tunnel junction in parallel. A
doubling of the switching frequency is observed within certain intervals of the
external magnetic field. Assuming sinusoidal current-phase relations of both
junctions our model of a dc-SQUID embedded within a superconducting ring
explains this feature by a sequence of current reversals in the ferromagnetic
section of the junction in these field intervals. The switching anomalies are
induced by the coupling between the magnetic fluxes in the two superconducting
loops.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
Single spin-polarised Fermi surface in SrTiO thin films
The 2D electron gas (2DEG) formed at the surface of SrTiO(001) has
attracted great interest because of its fascinating physical properties and
potential as a novel electronic platform, but up to now has eluded a
comprehensible way to tune its properties. Using angle-resolved photoemission
spectroscopy with and without spin detection we here show that the band filling
can be controlled by growing thin SrTiO films on Nb doped SrTiO(001)
substrates. This results in a single spin-polarised 2D Fermi surface, which
bears potential as platform for Majorana physics. Based on our results it can
furthermore be concluded that the 2DEG does not extend more than 2 unit cells
into the film and that its properties depend on the amount of SrO at the
surface and possibly the dielectric response of the system
Momentum-Resolved Electronic Structure of the High- Superconductor Parent Compound BaBiO
We investigate the band structure of BaBiO, an insulating parent
compound of doped high- superconductors, using \emph{in situ}
angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy on thin films. The data compare
favorably overall with density functional theory calculations within the local
density approximation, demonstrating that electron correlations are weak. The
bands exhibit Brillouin zone folding consistent with known BiO breathing
distortions. Though the distortions are often thought to coincide with
Bi/Bi charge ordering, core level spectra show that bismuth is
monovalent. We further demonstrate that the bands closest to the Fermi level
are primarily oxygen derived, while the bismuth states mostly contribute
to dispersive bands at deeper binding energy. The results support a model of
Bi-O charge transfer in which hole pairs are localized on combinations of the O
orbitals.Comment: minor changes to text and other figures; includes link to online
Supplemental Material; accepted to Phys. Rev. Let
INTERLAYER VORTICES AND EDGE DISLOCATIONS IN HIGH TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS
The interaction of an edge dislocation made of half the superconducting plane
with a magnetic interlayer vortex is considered within the framework of the
Lawrence-Doniach model with negative as well as positive Josephson interlayer
coupling. In the first case the binding energy of the vortex and the
dislocation has been calculated by employing a variational procedure. The
current distribution around the bound vortex turns out to be asymmetric. In the
second case the dislocation carries a spontaneous magnetic half-vortex, whose
binding energy with the dislocation turns out to be infinite. The half-vortex
energy has been calculated by the same variational procedure. Implications of
the possible presence of such half-vortices for the properties of high
temperature superconductors are discussed.Comment: 14 Latex pages, 1 figure available upon request
Identification of seed coat phenolic compounds from differently colored pea varieties and characterization of their antioxidant activity
The phenolic composition of seed coats in four differently colored pea varieties (Pisum sativum L.) was investigated using UHPLC-LTQ OrbiTrap MS. The obtained findings revealed that the seed coats of the examined pea genotypes possess a unique phenolic composition compared to previously studied European cultivars. In total, 41 phenolic compounds have been identified. The seed coats of the studied cultivars contained certain amounts of rosmarinic acid, rutin, galangin, morin, naringin, hesperetin and pinocembrin as well as ten flavonol glycosides that had not been reported previously. Additionally, the total phenolic content, antioxidant activity and metal chelating capacity of extracts was determined using Folin-Ciocalteu's method, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay, ferric ion-reducing capacity and ferrous ion-chelating capacity assay, respectively. Dark colored genotypes MBK 168 and MBK 173 possessed the highest total phenolic contents as well the strongest antioxidant activities. On the other hand, bright colored genotypes MBK 88 and MBK 90 exhibited the strongest metal-chelating capacities. The examined pea seed coats may be considered as important potential contributors to human health due to the presence of bioactive phenolic constituents. In addition, our results could be used as a guideline for breeding new pea cultivars with high antioxidant activities applicable in the formulation of functional food products
Proximity effect, quasiparticle transport, and local magnetic moment in ferromagnet-d-wave superconductor junctions
The proximity effect, quasiparticle transport, and local magnetic moment in
ferromagnet--d-wave superconductor junctions with {110}-oriented interface are
studied by solving self-consistently the Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations within
an extended Hubbard model. It is found that the proximity induced order
parameter oscillates in the ferromagnetic region. The modulation period is
shortened with the increased exchange field while the oscillation amplitude is
depressed by the interfacial scattering. With the determined superconducting
energy gap, a transfer matrix method is proposed to compute the subgap
conductance within a scattering approach. Many novel features including the
zero-bias conductance dip and splitting are exhibited with appropriate values
of the exchange field and interfacial scattering strength. The conductance
spectrum can be influenced seriously by the spin-flip interfacial scattering.
In addition, a sizable local magnetic moment near the {110}-oriented surface of
the d-wave superconductor is discussed.Comment: 10 pages, 16 ps-figures, to appear in Phys. Rev.
Raman microscopy to characterize plasma-wall interaction materials: from carbon era to metallic walls
Plasma-wall interaction in magnetic fusion devices is responsible for wall changes and plasma pollution with major safety issues. It is investigated both in situ and ex situ, especially by realizing large scale dedicated post-mortem campaigns. Selected parts of the walls are extracted and characterized by several techniques. It is important to extract hydrogen isotopes, oxygen or other element content. This is classically done by ion beam analysis and thermal desorption spectroscopy. Raman microscopy is an alternative and complementary technique. The aim of this work is to demonstrate that Raman microscopy is a very sensitive tool. Moreover, if coupled to other techniques and tested on well-controlled reference samples, Raman microscopy can be used efficiently for characterization of wall samples. Present work reviews long experience gained on carbon-based materials demonstrating how Raman microscopy can be related to structural disorder and hydrogen retention, as it is a direct probe of chemical bonds and atomic structure. In particular, we highlight the fact that Raman microscopy can be used to estimate the hydrogen content and bonds to other elements as well as how it evolves under heating. We also present state-of-the-art Raman analyses of beryllium- and tungsten-based materials, and finally, we draw some perspectives regarding boron-based deposits.</p
Structural differences among pig genomes illustrate genetic uniqueness of breeds
The availability of high-throughput whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data illustrating differences among different pig breed genomes opened a new area of genomic research focused on variation caused by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), small scale variation and structural variants which may all contribute to phenotypic variation among pig breeds. In our study (performed within TREASURE project) we re-analysed WGS-based data sets from more than 20 breeds, including commercial and local breeds as well as some wild boar genomes, deposited in publicly available databases. This bioinformatics tool enables discovery of new SNPs, estimation of allele frequencies (genotyping by sequencing) at candidate loci and identification of structural variation in a wide range of pig breeds. The analysis underlined the relevance of structural differences at KIT and MC1R locus involved in colour pattern formation, as well as LEPR locus associated with fatness, fatty acid metabolism and intramuscular fat composition. This approach allows discovery of important genomic differences between commercial breeds and local breeds which are analysed in the frame of the TREASURE project. Extensive mining of publicly available genomic data can together with the newly generated genomic information from local breeds, significantly contribute to the detailed characterisation of animal genetic resources present in local pig breeds. Funded by European Union’s H2020 RIA program (grant agreement No. 634476)
Theory of proximity effect in superconductor/ferromagnet heterostructures
We present a microscopic theory of proximity effect in the
ferromagnet/superconductor/ferromagnet (F/S/F) nanostructures where S is s-wave
low-T_c superconductor and F's are layers of 3d transition ferromagnetic metal.
Our approach is based on the solution of Gor'kov equations for the normal and
anomalous Green's functions together with a self-consistent evaluation of the
superconducting order parameter. We take into account the elastic
spin-conserving scattering of the electrons assuming s-wave scattering in the S
layer and s-d scattering in the F layers. In accordance with the previous
quasiclassical theories, we found that due to exchange field in the ferromagnet
the anomalous Green's function F(z) exhibits the damping oscillations in the
F-layer as a function of distance z from the S/F interface. In the given model
a half of period of oscillations is determined by the length \xi_m^0 = \pi
v_F/E_ex, where v_F is the Fermi velocity and E_ex is the exchange field, while
damping is governed by the length l_0 = (1/l_{\uparrow} +
1/l_{\downarrow})^{-1} with l_{\uparrow} and l_{\downarrow} being
spin-dependent mean free paths in the ferromagnet. The superconducting
transition temperature T_c(d_F) of the F/S/F trilayer shows the damping
oscillations as a function of the F-layer thickness d_F with period \xi_F =
\pi/\sqrt{m E_ex}, where m is the effective electron mass. We show that strong
spin-conserving scattering either in the superconductor or in the ferromagnet
significantly suppresses these oscillations. The calculated T_c(d_F)
dependences are compared with existing experimental data for Fe/Nb/Fe trilayers
and Nb/Co multilayers.Comment: 13 pages, REVTeX4, 8 PS-figures; improved version, submitted to PR
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