Fenotyp typu „talia hipertriglicerydemiczna“ i zespół metaboliczny określany na podstawie różnych kryteriów oraz zależności między tymi zaburzeniami a kontrolą stężeń lipidów i glikemii u chorych na cukrzycę typu 2

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) describes clustering of obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia and hypertension and increases risk for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. The ‘hypertriglyceridemic waist’ phenotype (HTGW) represents a simple approach to identifying individuals with increased risk. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of HTGW and MetS in type 2 diabetic patients, and to examine their relation to lipids and blood glucose control. Material and methods: 300 type 2 diabetic patients were analysed, and their history of diabetes, anthropometric measures, measurements of blood pressure (BP), lipids and glycemic control parameters were taken. Results: In type 2 diabetic patients, the prevalence of MetS was 71.0% by the AHA/NHLBI definition and 75.33% by the IDF definition. The prevalence was 62.58% and 66.45% in men, and 80% and 84.83% in women by the same definitions, respectively. There were 41.33% of patients with HTGW (42.76% among women and 40% among men). There were statistically significant differences of age, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and postprandial glucose (PPG) in women with and without MetS according to both definitions, and of total and LDL cholesterol with and without MetS according to AHA/NHLBI (but not IDF). In men, there were statistically significant differences of total cholesterol and of HbA1c with and without MetS according to AHA/NHLBI (but not IDF). Women with HTGW had higher levels of total and LDL cholesterol, systolic and diastolic BP. Men with HTGW had higher levels of total cholesterol, diastolic BP, HbA1c, FPG and PPG. Conclusions: Determining MetS or HTGW helps identify those with increased cardiovascular risk. (Pol J Endocrinol 2011; 62 (4): 316–323)Wstęp: Zespół metaboliczny (MetS) obejmujący otyłość, dyslipidemię, hiperglikemię i nadciśnienie tętnicze zwiększa ryzyko chorób sercowo-naczyniowych i cukrzycy typu 2. Określanie fenotypu „talii hipertriglicemicznej” (HTGW) jest prostą metodą identyfikowania chorych z grupy wysokiego ryzyka. Celem badania było ustalenie częstości HTGW i MetS u chorych na cukrzycę typu 2 oraz ocena zależności miedzy tymi zaburzeniami a kontrolą stężeń lipidów i glikemii. Materiał i metody: Do badania włączono 300 chorych na cukrzycę typu 2 i przeanalizowano dane dotyczące przebiegu cukrzycy, parametrów antropometrycznych, wartości ciśnienia tętniczego, stężeń lipidów i kontroli glikemii. Wyniki: U chorych na cukrzycę typu 2 kryteria MetS według definicji AHA/NHLBI spełniało71,0%, a kryteria IDF — 75,33%; odsetek chorych z MetS wynosił wśród mężczyzn odpowiednio 62,58% i 66,45%, a wśród kobiet 80% i 84,83%. U 41,33% chorych stwierdzono cechy HTGW, 42,76% tej grupy stanowiły kobiety, a 40% mężczyźni. U kobiet wykazano istotne statystycznie różnice w zakresie wieku, glikemii na czczo (FPG) i glikemii poposiłkowej (PPG) między grupami z MetS i bez niego, rozpoznanym na podstawie obu definicji, natomiast w zakresie stężenia cholesterolu całkowitego i frakcji LDL różniły się one tylko między grupami z MetS i bez niego wydzielonymi na podstawie definicji AHA/NHLBI (a nie na podstawie kryteriów IDF). U mężczyzn wykazano statystycznie istotne różnice stężeń cholesterolu całkowitego HbA1c między grupami z MetS i bez niego określonym według AHA/NHLBI (ale nie według IDF). U kobiet z HTGW stwierdzono wyższe stężenia cholesterolu całkowitego i cholesterolu frakcji LDL oraz wyższe wartości ciśnienia skurczowego i rozkurczowego. U mężczyzn z HTGW odnotowano wyższe wartości stężeń cholesterolu całkowitego, rozkurczowego ciśnienia tętniczego, HbA1c, FPG i PPG. Wnioski: Rozpoznanie MetS lub HTGW pozwala zidentyfikować osoby obciążone zwiększonym ryzykiem sercowo-naczyniowym. (Endokrynol Pol 2011; 62 (4): 316–323

Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and-9 (MMP-9) gene variants and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes patients

AbstractVascular complications are the leading cause of increased morbidity and mortality of diabetic patients. It has been postulated that matrix metalloproteinases MMP-2 and MMP-9, zinc-dependent endopeptidases through remodeling of the extracellular matrix, can contribute to the onset and progression of diabetic vascular complications. The aim of our study was to assess whether there is a major difference in single nucleotide polymorphisms in the MMP-2 (at position -1306C˃T) and MMP-9 (at position -1562C˃T) gene in type 2 diabetic patients and healthy controls and to determine whether there is an association of these gene variants with the presence of microvascular complications in diabetic patients. Our study included 102 type 2 diabetes patients and a control group which was comprised of 56 healthy controls. All diabetic patients were screened for microvascular diabetes complications. Genotypes were detected by polymerase chain reactions followed by restriction analyses with specific endonucleases and their frequencies were determined. The MMP-2 variant -1306C>T showed a negative correlation with type 2 diabetes (p=0.028). It was also shown that the presence of the -1306C allele increases the probability of developing type 2 diabetes. This was a 2.2 fold increase and that the -1306 T allele has a protective role in regards t

Qualitative properties of traditionally produced dry fermented sausages from meat of the autochthonous Mangalitsa pig breed

The interest in autochthonous meat products from local pig breeds managed in comprehensive, sustainable breeding programs is expanding in Europe. Dry fermented sausages in Serbia and other southern European countries are highly appreciated food specialties. It is, therefore, desirable that study attempts to improve the quality of food and the security of traditional, dry sausages will result in products that are of higher added value and have quality standards that best meet the needs of contemporary customers. Meat and meat products from traditional pig breeds usually have an excellent public and media reputation, and are often regarded as better than the meat and meat products of conventionally raised pigs and crossbreed pigs. Traditional, dry fermented sausages, with their characteristic chemical contents and sensory properties, can be produced with suitable proportions of meat and backfat from the indigenous Mangalitsa pig breed. These outcomes should hopefully encourage the sustainable breeding of endangered Mangalitsa pigs, as there are market opportunities for kulen and sremska sausages

Application of sos/umuc assay in eco/genotoxicology

Introduction. The SOS/umuC assay is used for assessment of water genotoxicity. Salmonella typhimurium TA1535/pSK1002 is used in this test, but the results can be extrapolated on higher eukaryotic organisms with the introduction of enzymatic S9 fraction in experimental procedure. The test is standardised for the determination of the genotoxic potential of water and wastewater (ISO/DIS 13829, 2000). Aim. Sensitivity of the assay was challenged by using parallel in situ and in vitro approach in evaluation of the genotoxic potential in the basins of significant tributaries of the Danube River: the Sava River and the Velika Morava River. Materials and methods. Within in vitro testing, native water samples were analysed by SOS/umuC test. DNA damage in situ was assessed in bleak (Alburnus alburnus) erythrocytes by the comet and micronucleus assays. The concentration of heavy metals in fish tissue and the data of the physico-chemical parameters measured in water were used as a measure of the pollution pressure at the sites. Results. Results showed that applied in vitro tests with native water samples are less sensitive in comparison with in situ tests. None of 20 investigated samples showed genotoxic potential in SOS/umuC assay while in situ analyses indicated variation of genotoxic potential among the investigated sites. Conclusions. The results of our study point towards low sensitivity of the SOS/umuC test when processing un-concentrated (native) water samples; the results of in vitro tests should be taken with precaution when making predictions on the status of the ecosystem

Ecologically friendly corrosion inhibitor for low alloy steels and aluminium alloys

The corrosion protective properties of environmentally friendly Ce-citrate were analyzed on AISI 4130 low alloy carbon steel and AA7075 aluminum alloy in 0.05 M NaCl solution. For this purpose different concentrations of corrosion inhibitor were analyzed in the range of 0.1-0.5 mM. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic polarization test were used for measurements of resistance to general corrosion. Pitting potential Epit value was used for the determination of resistance to pitting corrosion. Additionally, corrosion resistance measurements and determination of pitting potential value were performed in Ce-chloride solution with the aim of comparation. SEM microscopy was used for the determination of changes on the surface of the specimens after corrosion testing. The XPS method was used for the analyses of the formed inhibitory layer on the steel specimen surface. It has been shown that significant amounts of cerium, as well as the citrate anions, are present in the inhibitory layer. Ce-citrates have proved to be an effective corrosion inhibitor for AISI 4130 steel as well as an effective pitting corrosion inhibitor for AA7075 aluminum alloy. The mechanism of action of Ce-citrate on AISI 4130 steel and AA7075 aluminum alloy has been proposed.XXIII YUCORR International Conference, 116th-19th May 2022, Divčibare, Serbia, invited talk (Bojana Radojković

Cysteine and modified cysteine as green inhibitors of aluminum alloy corrosion

In its pure form, aluminum is easy to process and has a high level of corrosion resistance. However, due to its low strength the possibility of application of pure aluminum is reduced. When alloyed, aluminum alloys are widely used material in construction, different industries, airspace and military. Commercial 7000 series aluminum alloys have zinc as the main alloying element, followed by magnesium. This 7000 aluminum series offers a very high strength when heat-treated, which comes from its composition. The life time of these alloys is reduced due to corrosion damage. It is known that corrosion directly or indirectly affects materials, human health and safety, and it causes global economic and environmental problem. The use of inhibitors in corrosion protection is the simplest, most economical and most efficient approach that is routinely used to ‘reduce’ this problem in industry. The most widely used inorganic inhibitors, such as chromates, are not safe, causing health and safety problems due to their toxicity. Organic compounds have increased interest of the scientific community as potential inhibitors in exchange for the most commonly used. The aim of this study was to investigate new green, eco-friendly inhibitors from the group of amino acid and their combination with lanthanides. For the purposes of this investigation, cerium-cysteine complex was synthesized and analyzed by Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM / EDS), Potentiostatic Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (PEIS) and Linear Sweep Voltammetry (LSV) analyses. SEM/EDS was used for morphological analysis and to determine the composition of the aluminum alloy on which the electrochemical tests have been performed. Electrochemical measurements (PEIS, LSV) were erformed in order to test the inhibitory efficacy in 0.1M NaCl at room temperature. Different concentrations of cysteine and Ce-cysteine complex were examined to optimize the process. The adsorption of the inhibitor follows the Langmuir isotherm, and based on the electrochemical results and calculated thermodynamic potential (Gibbs free energy) it can be concluded that both cysteine and cerium-cysteine complex are mixed type of inhibitors. It can be concluded that both cysteine and Ce-cysteine complex inhibitors satisfactory inhibition effect on aluminum alloy corrosion

An extensible framework for multicore response time analysis

In this paper, we introduce a multicore response time analysis (MRTA) framework, which decouples response time analysis from a reliance on context independent WCET values. Instead, the analysis formulates response times directly from the demands placed on different hardware resources. The MRTA framework is extensible to different multicore architectures, with a variety of arbitration policies for the common interconnects, and different types and arrangements of local memory. We instantiate the framework for single level local data and instruction memories (cache or scratchpads), for a variety of memory bus arbitration policies, including: Round-Robin, FIFO, Fixed-Priority, Processor-Priority, and TDMA, and account for DRAM refreshes. The MRTA framework provides a general approach to timing verification for multicore systems that is parametric in the hardware configuration and so can be used at the architectural design stage to compare the guaranteed levels of real-time performance that can be obtained with different hardware configurations. We use the framework in this way to evaluate the performance of multicore systems with a variety of different architectural components and policies. These results are then used to compose a predictable architecture, which is compared against a reference architecture designed for good average-case behaviour. This comparison shows that the predictable architecture has substantially better guaranteed real-time performance, with the precision of the analysis verified using cycle-accurate simulation

Zeleni inhibitori korozije sa cisteinom i kompleksom cerijum-cisteina na 7000 seriji aluminijumske legure

The aim of this study was to investigate environmentally-friendly corrosion inhibitors based on the cerium-cysteine and their effect on 7xxx series aluminum alloy. The cysteine and cerium-cysteine complex structures were analyzed by Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The structure of cerium-cysteine was additionally determined using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Elemental Analysis. Inhibitors efficiency was analyzed with Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and Potentiodynamic polarization techniques in 0.1M NaCl at room temperature, while Scanning Electron Microscopy analyzed the surface appearance and microstructure of the tested aluminum alloy with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM / EDS) and Optical Microscope (OM). Different amounts of cysteine were examined in order to find an optimal concentration of inhibitor. The adsorption of the inhibitors followed the Langmuir isotherm, and based on the EIS results and calculated thermodynamic potential (Gibbs free energy), cysteine and cerium-cysteine proved to be good inhibitors for tested aluminum alloy. The optimal cysteine concentration of 0.06 mM as a corrosion inhibitor of 7xxx series aluminum alloy was determined. EIS diagrams confirmed that cysteine showed better inhibition than Ce-Cys complex

Antifeedant activity of the plant products derived from the neem and linalool on the spongy moth larvae

With the significant loss of biodiversity in the 20th and 21st century, pollution of air, soil, and water, alternatives to chemical pesticides are needed to preserve nature. One of the alternatives is the usage of plant components as pest insect control. They are an appropriate alternative to chemical pesticides as they are cost-effective, easy, and safe to use, do not affect the environment or beneficial insects negatively, and are still an effective measure against pest insects. The biggest challenge with plant components is that they are biologically unstable. That is why further insight into the effectiveness of different extracts and oils against different pest insects is needed. We tested the antifeedant activity of plant products derived from neem (Azadirachta indica A.Juss.), and linalool on the Spongy moth (Lymantria dispar L, 1758) larvae. To test the efficiency of these compounds, we conducted choice tests in laboratory conditions. Two disks (treatment and control) cut from red oak (Quercus rubra L.) leaves were presented to the second instar spongy moth larvae in Petri dishes for the testing. Twenty-five Petri dishes were used for each of the tested compounds at four concentrations (200 in total). The tested compounds showed the most significant effect at higher concentrations

Application of sos/umuc assay in eco/genotoxicology

Introduction. The SOS/umuC assay is used for assessment of water genotoxicity. Salmonella typhimurium TA1535/pSK1002 is used in this test, but the results can be extrapolated on higher eukaryotic organisms with the introduction of enzymatic S9 fraction in experimental procedure. The test is standardised for the determination of the genotoxic potential of water and wastewater (ISO/DIS 13829, 2000). Aim. Sensitivity of the assay was challenged by using parallel in situ and in vitro approach in evaluation of the genotoxic potential in the basins of significant tributaries of the Danube River: the Sava River and the Velika Morava River. Materials and methods. Within in vitro testing, native water samples were analysed by SOS/umuC test. DNA damage in situ was assessed in bleak (Alburnus alburnus) erythrocytes by the comet and micronucleus assays. The concentration of heavy metals in fish tissue and the data of the physico-chemical parameters measured in water were used as a measure of the pollution pressure at the sites. Results. Results showed that applied in vitro tests with native water samples are less sensitive in comparison with in situ tests. None of 20 investigated samples showed genotoxic potential in SOS/umuC assay while in situ analyses indicated variation of genotoxic potential among the investigated sites. Conclusions. The results of our study point towards low sensitivity of the SOS/umuC test when processing un-concentrated (native) water samples; the results of in vitro tests should be taken with precaution when making predictions on the status of the ecosystem