Primena nove kulture - kvinoje u ishrani riba

Kvinoja (Chenopodium quinoa, Willd.) je pseudocerealija koja se tradicionalno gaji na malim plantažama u ruralnim oblastima Južne Amerike u regionu Anda. Kvinoja je ratarska kultura, gajena za domaću upotrebu siromašnog stanovništva. Zbog sposobnosti prilagođavanja različitim agro-ekološkim uslovima, kvinoja može da se gaji u različitim regionima. Agrotehnika zasnovana na principima organske poljoprivrede i primenjena je u Danskoj, Italiji i Makedoniji. Zahvaljujući visokoj nutritivnoj vrednosti seme se koristi u ljudskoj ishrani, usled čega je poslednjih godina porastao interes za gajenje i preradu kvinoje, kao funkcionalne hrane. Poznato je da i lišće biljke poseduje značajne nutritivne vrednosti, pa se koristi kao zamena za spanać. Biljka može da poraste 1-3m visine, a plodovi su u obliku okruglog, malog semena, koje je obavijeno perigoniumom različite boje (bledo žute, do svetlo crvene). Perigonium se mehanički lako odvaja, kada je seme suvo. U perikarpu semena nalaze se saponini, nosioci karakterističnog gorkog ukusa semena kvinoje, zbog čega je potrebno iste odstraniti, pre upotrebe u ljudskoj ishrani. U ovom radu predmet istraživanja je bila danska sorta KVL 37, gajena u okolini Beograda. Ispitivan je nutritivi sastav sirovog i oljušćenog semena kvinoje, kao novog useva i mogućnost njegove primene u ishrani riba. Poznato je da viskoka nutritivna vrednost semena kvinoje potiče od sadržaja proteina, različitih minerala i vitamina, i to E vitamin i vitamini B grupe. Prosečan sadržaj proteina varira od 8%-22%, a glavne proteinske frakcije čine albumini i globulini (44-47% ukupnih proteina). U ovom radu sadržaj proteina je varirao od 15,5% do 16,8%, u zavisnosti stepena čistoće semena. Seme poseduje odličano izbalansiran sastav amino kiselina, a izdvajaju se lizin, treonin i metionin, amino kiseline koje su uglavnom deficitarne u biljnim sirovinama. Glavnu komponentu semena kvinoje čine ugljeni hidrati, čiji sadržaj varira od 67% do 74%. Skrob čini oko 52-63%, dok su ostali ugljeni hidrati, kao i sirova vlakna malo zastupljeni. Kvinoja sadrži 2% do 10% lipida, a dokazano je i prisustvo esencijalnih masnih kiselina, kao sto su linolenska, oleinska i palmitinska. Značajan je sadržaj minerala tj. kalcijuma, gvožđa i cinka, ali se njihov sadržaj kvantitativno smanjuje u daljim postupcima ljuštenja, pranja i poliranja semena. U humanoj ishrani saponini i fitinska kiselina predstavljaju glavne nedostatke kvinoje. Ljuštenjem i daljim prečišćavanjem seme kvinoje je našlo primenu u ishrani ljudi kao varivo, hrana za doručak, za kolače za proizvodnju brašna, kao i za ishranu životinja u formi mekinja ili pogača. U našem radu, kod oljuštenog zrna, dokazano je značajno povećanje sadržaja ulja, dok je sadržaj sirovih vlakana i ukupnog pepela smanjen za oko tri-puta. Sadržaj skroba je u očekivanim graničnim vrednostima. U pogledu sadržaja minerala nije bilo većih promena. Imajući u vidu veličinu zrna, laku pripremu, nutrtitivni potencijal, kao i novu kulturu u našoj regiji, pokazano je da seme kvinoje može da nađe primenu i kao hrana za ribe

Izbor genotipova paradajza na tolerantnost prema suši

Screening collections aimed to make the selection of genotypes tolerant to drought in the vegetative stage of intensive growth of plants, which would start the program selection to obtain recombinant genotypes according to the abiotic factor. The criteria for screening were the diversity of genotypes for the number of sheets of the first flower branches and number of flower branches into the optimal mode of irrigation regime and reduced by 40 % . On the basis of the analysis genotypes: the number of leaves to the first floral branch G 106, 114, 121 and 122 ( 0 % ), and genotype G102, 114, and 125 for the characteristic number of lateral branches.Paradajz je široko prilagođen različitim podnebljima gajenja, međutim, njegov rast i razviće je prilično osetljiv na različite uslove spoljne sredine, uključujući salinitet, sušu, vlagu, ekstremne temperature, mineralne toksičnosti, kao i zagađenje životne sredine. Postoji ograničenje genetske varijacije za abiotičku toleranciju na stres u okviru kultivisanih vrsta i većina komercijalnih sorti se smatraju umereno do veoma osetljive na različite vrste stresa. Ispitivanje je izvršeno na 11 genotipa paradajza poreklom iz populacije domaćih i odomaćenih genotipova prikupljenih iz Srbije, a pripadaju kolekciji paradajza Instituta za povrtarstvo u Smederevskoj Palanci. Skrining kolekcije imao je za cilj da se izvrši izbor genotipova tolerantnih na sušu u vegetativnoj fazi intenzivnog porasta biljaka, čime bi se započeo program selekcije na dobijanje rekombinovanih genotipova prema ovom abiotskom faktoru. Kriterijumi za skrining bili su divergentnost genotipova za broj listova do prve cvetne grane i broj cvetnih grana u: optimalnom režimu navodnjavanja i redukovanom režimu za 40%. Na osnovu izvedenih analiza izdvojeni su genotipovi: za broj listova do prve cvetne grane G 106, 114, 121 i 122 (0%), kao i genotipovi G102, 114, i 125 za osobinu broja bočnih grana koji će predstavljati bazu za dobijanje rekombinovanih genotipova i početak selekcije na otpornost na sušu

DEFICIT IRRIGATION TECHNIQUE FOR REDUCING WATER USE OF TOMATO UNDER POLYTUNNEL CONDITIONS

The aim of paper was to asses the use of regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) for production of two tomato cultivars (Cedrico and Abellus) in polytunnels in Serbia. RDI plants received 60% of the water that was applied to FI plants and significant saving of water for irrigation and increased in irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) were achieved. Yield data for Cedrico cultivar showed no differences between RDI and FI, while due to the bigger sensitivity to drought, yield of Abellus was reduced under RDI. In general, fruit quality (soluble solids, titrable acidity) was sustained or improved in both cultivars under RDI. Economic analyses showed that due to the current low prices of water and electricity in Serbia, the profit increase of Cedrico, similarly to the previously trialed cultivar Amati, was not high under RDI comparing to FI. Reduction of yield and consequent profit for Abellus, indicated that for future commercial growing of tomato under RDI should be used drought resistant cultivars

Climate Change: Challenge of Introducing Quinoa in Southeast European Agriculture

The aim of this chapter is to describe the potential effects of climate changes in Southeast European (SEE) countries, and the implications on agricultural production. Adaptation measures to mitigate these effects could be to introduce new crops tolerant to various stress factors, such as drought, saline soils, and varying temperatures. Quinoa is a plant that has great potential for growing in such unfavorable conditions. In the presented review, we explain the origin, importance, and application of quinoa in agriculture with special emphasis on its nutritional and health significance as well as the mechanisms of resistance to stress factors. The opportunities for quinoa breeding in SEE are presented on the basis of data from Greece, Romania, Serbia, North Macedonia, and Turkey, varying depending on local agroclimatic conditions. The nutritional composition of the quinoa seeds is of very high value also when grown under rain-fed conditions in Serbia. There were good results from adding quinoa to wheat bread. Conclusions are that although the quinoa market in SEE is not as large as in other European countries, it is growing very intensively, and the food industry is developing new quinoa products. Thus, the prospects for future quinoa production in SEE countries are promising. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021

The effects of drought on the expression of TAO1, NCED and EIL1 genes and ABA content in tomato wild-type and flacca mutant

The effects of drought (partial root-zone drying-PRD and regulated deficit irrigation-RDI) and full irrigation (FI) on the expression of ABA biosynthetic genes (TAO1 and NCED), EIL1 gene and ABA content in the leaves of tomato wild-type (WT) and flacca mutant were investigated. Results confirmed differences in the expression of the investigated genes under the investigated treatments, during treatment duration as well as between investigated WT and flacca plants. The most significant differences between WT and flacca were found under PRD treatment. The similar expression pattern of all genes in the WT plants could indicate synergistic signaling pathways for ABA and ethylene. In flacca, reduced NCED and significant EIL1 expression might reflect the increase in ethylene production, which could influence the ABA signaling and production that occurred under PRD. Drought also induced an increase in ABA content that is most expressed in flacca under RDI

Effect of deficit irrigation on tomato fruit anatomy

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Effect of deficit irrigation on tomato fruit anatomy

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