Crimes against property & ownership

The most primeval crimes in all countries are crimes against property such as: Burglary, Larceny, Arson, Embezzlement, False pretenses, Extortion, forgery, fraud, robbery, and etc these crimes engender when ownership existed. Lord can do any possession in his/her property .If anyone trespasses to another one ownership prevailing law punishment him/her. Also we define these crimes in Islamic criminal law; because Islamic rules are strange and prober must study very hard to understand the principle of Islamic rules because most of them don't have reasonable source hence our definitions are so epitome because reader must study jurisprudence.

Comparative study about Crimes against the Person's

In this article I want talk about crimes against person's crimes witch cause objection of people's body and punishment by government in all societies. Now I trying to have a comparative research of most important crimes in this category in some countries and especially in Islamic criminal law based on Iran Islamic criminal law. Crimes describe in this article are: assault _ battery _ robbery _ kidnapping _ rape _ mayhem _ manslaughter – murder I must say must describe about Islamic criminal law will statement in separate articles.

Nearly massless Dirac fermions hosted by Sb square net in BaMnSb2

Layered compounds AMnBi2 (A=Ca, Sr, Ba, or rare earth element) have been established as Dirac materials. Dirac electrons generated by the two-dimensional (2D) Bi square net in these materials are normally massive due to the presence of a spin-orbital coupling (SOC) induced gap at Dirac nodes. Here we report that the Sb square net in an isostructural compound BaMnSb2 can host nearly massless Dirac fermions. We observed strong Shubnikov-de Haas (SdH) oscillations in this material. From the analyses of the SdH oscillations, we find key signatures of Dirac fermions, including light effective mass (~0.052m0; m0, mass of free electron), high quantum mobility (1280 cm2V-1S-1) and a Pi Berry phase accumulated along cyclotron orbit. Compared with AMnBi2, BaMnSb2 also exhibits much more significant quasi two-dimensional (2D) electronic structure, with the out-of-plane transport showing nonmetallic conduction below 120K and the ratio of the out-of-plane and in-plane resistivity reaching ~670. Additionally, BaMnSb2 also exhibits an antiferromagnetic order with a weak ferromagnetic component. The combination of nearly massless Dirac fermions on quasi-2D planes with a magnetic order makes BaMnSb2 an intriguing platform for seeking novel exotic phenomena of massless Dirac electrons.Comment: crystal lattice and magnetic structure information addded; final version for publicatio

A Case Study of the Decision Model for American Outbound Medical Tourists

The growing medical tourism industry attracts international patients who decide to have their medical treatment performed at international hospitals. This exploratory research aims to determine the main factors that influence American medical tourists’ decision-making process about travelling overseas in order to access medical services. The results of this qualitative study, which interviewed 12 participants, suggest that cost, advanced technology, high quality services, and accreditation are main motives that encourage medical tourists to obtain medical treatment outside their origin of country. On the other hand, the pull factors of the decision-making process in medical tourism is grouped to define primary risks contain lack of malpractice law, infection, difficulties in communication, and the follow-up care. The findings of this study might provide significant information for academic studies, prospective medical tourists, and policy makers, providers of health-related services, and tourism organizations in both local and destination countries

Evaluating Performance of Concrete Special Moment Resisting Frames with Different Seismic Coefficients Using Endurance Time Method

This performance-based study was conducted to investigate the effects of seismic coefficients on performance of concrete special moment frames of 5,7, and 10-storey buildings located in Tehran, Iran. The structures are designed three-dimensionally by ETABS 2016 software according to ACI-318-08. Fifteen specimens were designed with different base shears having seismic coefficients of 0.7, 0.85, 1, 1.15, and 1.30 times the proposed value of Iranian Standard 2800, (i.e. decreased by 70 and 85%, and increased by 115 and 130%). Endurance time method (ETA20in series of ET acceleration function) as well as three real earthquake records was employed to evaluate the seismic performance of the modeled structures. The performance of structures was compared by the time of the first plastic hinges formation in beams and columns, the time of entering to nonlinear region and the time of experiencing storey drift of 2% corresponding to the life safety performance level. It was observed that the results of ET records and real records were similar to each other. A procedure was proposed for finding optimum structure with lower weight using ET method through defining efficient ratio (ER) and cost ratio (CR). Based on the results of ER/CR ratio and considering the importance of collapse prevention performance level, optimum structure was a 7-storey structure with lower weight or cost whose seismic coefficient had been reduced by 70%. It was concluded that high safety can not be achieved simply by increasing the seismic coefficient of structures

High‐Energy Nanosecond Laser Pulses for Synthesis of Better Bone Implants

The main objective of this chapter is to introduce high‐energy nanosecond laser pulse treatment for enhancing the surface bioactivity of titanium for bone and tissue implant fabrication. Improvement to the implant performance could immensely benefit the human patient. Bioactivity enhancement of materials is currently an essential challenge in implant engineering. Laser micro/nano surface texturing of materials offers a simple, accurate, and precise method to increase the biocompatibility of materials in one single step. In this chapter, the effects of laser power, scanning parameters, and frequency on surface structure and topographic properties are studied. Through bioactivity assessment of treated titanium substrates, it was found that an increase in power and frequency increases the bioactivity of titanium, while a decrease in scanning speed of laser could lead to an increase in the cell adhesion ability of titanium