Fenologia reprodutiva de jabuticabeira em diferentes locais

A fenologia facilita o entendimento da reprodução das espécies. O objetivo foi investigar a fenologia reprodutiva de duas populações de jabuticabeiras em diferentes locais. Foram selecionados aleatoriamente 15 indivíduos adultos da espécie em dois municípios: Clevelândia e Pato Branco (PR). O acompanhamento fenológico ocorreu entre agosto de 2016 a agosto de 2017, a cada 21 dias durante o período vegetativo e a cada 3-4 dias durante o período reprodutivo. Foram acompanhados as seguintes fenofases reprodutivas: botões florais, antese, frutos verdes, frutos maduros e disseminação. As fenofases foram estimadas pelo índice de Founier (%), com notas de 0 a 4, referente à porcentagem da copa da planta com a presença da fenofase (0 = ausência; 1 = 1-25%; 2 = 26-50%; 3 = 51-75%; 4 = 76-100%). Os dados foram analisados por meio de dendrofenogramas. A duração total das fenofases reprodutivas foi de 71 dias em Pato Branco e 92 dias em Clevelândia. Em Pato Branco a formação dos frutos iniciou 36 dias antes de Clevelândia. Os maiores valores do índice de Founier em Pato Branco foram: botões florais (42% e 18%) e antese (39% e 2%) em agosto de 2016/2017; frutos verdes (38%) e frutos maduros (33%) em setembro/2016; disseminação (67%) em outubro/2016 (67%). Para Clevelândia os valores foram: botões florais (43%) e antese (25%) em setembro/2016; frutos verdes (55%) em Outubro/2017; frutos maduros (32%) e disseminação (31%) em Novembro/2016. Há diferença na fenologia reprodutiva de jabuticabeira entre os locais de estudo, devido a menor temperatura média registrada em Clevelândia

Volunteer soybean (Glycine max) interference in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) crops: ethoxysulfuron and halosulfuron critical level of damage and selectivity

This study aimed to determine the negative impact of volunteer soybean plants on bean crop yield and the tolerance of bean genotypes to the herbicides ethoxysulfuron and halosulfuron. To determine the impact of volunteer soybean plants on bean crops, a field experiment was developed, with sub-sub-plots, and four replications. The main plots contained two bean cultivars, while the sub-plots received two soybean sowing times (0 and 7 days after the beans had been sown), while the sub-sub plots contained five soybean plant densities (0, 5, 10, 20, and 40 plants m-2). The tolerance of the bean genotypes was evaluated with two experiments in a completely randomized design with three replications. They were arranged in a 28 x 3 factorial design (bean genotypes x herbicide doses). Each soybean plant per m2 reduced bean crop yield by 4%. The recommended doses of ethoxysulfuorn and halosulfuorn resulted in tolerance levels above 70% for all the studied bean genotypes. Highlights: The herbicides ethoxysulfuron and halosulfuron, are registered in Brazil for the control of volunteer soybean plants in bean crops. To date, the impact generated by volunteer soybean plants competing with bean plants is unknown. The tolerance of 28 bean cultivars to herbicides ethoxysulfuron and halosulfuron was determined using dose label and double the dose. The impact of volunteer soybean plants on bean crops was determined using two bean cultivars and two soybean sowing times. The bean genotypes displayed a highly variable response to the herbicides ethoxysulfuron and halosulfuron; however, when the label recommended dose of the herbicides was used, the tolerance levels observed were over 70%. Each soybean plant is capable of causing a 4% reduction in bean plant grain yield, regardless of the establishment time of the soybean plants or the bean genotype.This study aimed to determine the negative impact of volunteer soybean plants on bean crop yield and the tolerance of bean genotypes to the herbicides ethoxysulfuron and halosulfuron. To determine the impact of volunteer soybean plants on bean crops, a field experiment was developed, with sub-sub-plots, and four replications. The main plots contained two bean cultivars, while the sub-plots received two soybean sowing times (0 and 7 days after the beans had been sown), while the sub-sub plots contained five soybean plant densities (0, 5, 10, 20, and 40 plants m-2). The tolerance of the bean genotypes was evaluated with two experiments in a completely randomized design with three replications. They were arranged in a 28 x 3 factorial design (bean genotypes x herbicide doses). Each soybean plant per m2 reduced bean crop yield by 4%. The recommended doses of ethoxysulfuorn and halosulfuorn resulted in tolerance levels above 70% for all the studied bean genotypes. Highlights: The herbicides ethoxysulfuron and halosulfuron, are registered in Brazil for the control of volunteer soybean plants in bean crops. To date, the impact generated by volunteer soybean plants competing with bean plants is unknown. The tolerance of 28 bean cultivars to herbicides ethoxysulfuron and halosulfuron was determined using dose label and double the dose. The impact of volunteer soybean plants on bean crops was determined using two bean cultivars and two soybean sowing times. The bean genotypes displayed a highly variable response to the herbicides ethoxysulfuron and halosulfuron; however, when the label recommended dose of the herbicides was used, the tolerance levels observed were over 70%. Each soybean plant is capable of causing a 4% reduction in bean plant grain yield, regardless of the establishment time of the soybean plants or the bean genotype

Genomic, Pathway Network, and Immunologic Features Distinguishing Squamous Carcinomas

This integrated, multiplatform PanCancer Atlas study co-mapped and identified distinguishing molecular features of squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) from five sites associated with smokin