The genus Cyriocosmus Simon 1903 and two new species from Peru (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Theraphosinae)

A female of Cyriocosmus giganteus Kaderka 2016 is described and illustrated for the first time, a new diagnosis of this species is proposed. Cyriocosmus paredesi sp. nov. from Quebrada Putuiman (Marañon River) and Cyriocosmus foliatus sp. nov. from Umaral near Iquitos, both from Loreto Department in Peru, are described, diagnosed, illustrated and keyed. The male of Cyriocosmus sellatus (Simon 1889) from Rio Blanco, the tributary of Rio Tahuyao, Loreto Department in Peru, is redescribed and figured. The distribution area of this species is updated, and difficulties in the identification of this species are discussed.O

Neischnocolus iquitos, a new species from Peru (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Theraphosinae)

Neischnocolus iquitos sp. nov. from Loreto region, Peru, is described, diagnosed and figured. Males of N. iquitos sp. nov. differ from all known congeners in the presence of two retrolateral processes on palpal tibia, in combination with the presence of a retrolateral keel on embolus and the absence of granulation or microspikes on embolus or tegulum. Females of N. iquitos sp. nov. differ from all known Neischnocolus females in the morphology of the genitalia consisting of a lower sclerotized part with two short, separate seminal receptacles, and an upper part, which is transparent and notched. ________________________________________________________________Publicación registrada en Zoobank/ZooBank article registered:LSIDurn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:4854FB77-99B5-4208-9394-DBA7BB5EC64FActo nomenclatural/nomenclatural act:Neischnocolus iquitos Kaderka, 2020LSIDurn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F5FB8A3E-922A-47AC-B5B2-B575C206B39D________________________________________________________________Se describe, diagnostica e ilustra Neischnocolus iquitos sp. nov. de la región de Loreto, Perú. Los machos de N. iquitos sp. nov. se diferencian del resto de sus congéneres conocidos a la fecha por tener dos apófisis retrolaterales en la tibia palpal, en combinación con la presencia de una quilla retrolateral en el émbolo, y la ausencia de granulación o micropicos en el émbolo o tegulum. Las hembras de N. iquitos sp. nov. se diferencian de las otras hembras de Neischnocolus en la morfología de la genitalia, consistiendo de una parte inferior esclerotizada con dos receptáculos seminales separados, y una parte superior transparente y con muescas. ________________________________________________________________Publicación registrada en Zoobank/ZooBank article registered:LSIDurn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:4854FB77-99B5-4208-9394-DBA7BB5EC64FActo nomenclatural/nomenclatural act:Neischnocolus iquitos Kaderka, 2020LSIDurn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F5FB8A3E-922A-47AC-B5B2-B575C206B39D_______________________________________________________________

The idea of the state in the philosophy of Lav Nikolaevich Tolstoy

The subject of this paper is the idea of the state observed through the ideological prism of the great Russian literary writer and philosopher, Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy, taken in the context of Russian religious philosophy (from the end of the 19 century), where we must particularly emphasize the intuitive and mystical conception of the world as opposed to positivism and rationalism, especially through the commentary of its most notable representative and founder Vladimir Solovyov. Tolstoy’s idea is evaluated in the text as an initiative for a social reform according to the axiological key of ‘original Christianity’, which is at the core of Tolstoy’s radical relationship towards the state, man, and society as a whole, which is equated to the concept of religious anarchism. A state conceptualized by Tolstoy needs to be reformed in accordance with the project of The Kingdom of God as opposed to existing as a medium between man, and God, together with a dogmatic and institutionalized Church, towards which Tolstoy directs much criticism in the manner of religious anarchism, after which it comes to a final divergence and Tolstoy’s excommunication

Techniques for better vario-scale map content

The previous chapters covered the research where the vario-scale structure has been introduced. The main aim of the research was general functionality, performance and optimization. So far, the technical aspects had higher priority than the map content. Therefore, this chapter focuses on improving our development kit for generating varioscale content. It presents a strategy to provide good cartographic results throughout all scales and properly stored in the structure. First, Section 4.1 specifies our target. Section 4.2 presents solutions of other researchers. Section 4.3 introduces concepts and tools which are used later in newly designed process. This is demonstrated on road features in Section 4.4. The section presents the generalization approach for the whole scale range from large scale, where roads are represented as area objects, to mid and small scales, where roads are represented as line objects. In our suggested gradual approach even for one road the representation can be mixed, both area and line, which may provide better transition phase and b

The idea of the state in the philosophy of Lav Nikolaevich Tolstoy

The subject of this paper is the idea of the state observed through the ideological prism of the great Russian literary writer and philosopher, Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy, taken in the context of Russian religious philosophy (from the end of the 19 century), where we must particularly emphasize the intuitive and mystical conception of the world as opposed to positivism and rationalism, especially through the commentary of its most notable representative and founder Vladimir Solovyov. Tolstoy’s idea is evaluated in the text as an initiative for a social reform according to the axiological key of ‘original Christianity’, which is at the core of Tolstoy’s radical relationship towards the state, man, and society as a whole, which is equated to the concept of religious anarchism. A state conceptualized by Tolstoy needs to be reformed in accordance with the project of The Kingdom of God as opposed to existing as a medium between man, and God, together with a dogmatic and institutionalized Church, towards which Tolstoy directs much criticism in the manner of religious anarchism, after which it comes to a final divergence and Tolstoy’s excommunication

Violations of the Right to Property in Libya and the Promise of Transitional Justice

Abstract Libya’s Law No. 4 of 1978, which authorised the confiscation of real estate from private owners and its redistribution to other needy citizens, reflected elements of a long debate at the international level about the human right to property. This article examines Law No. 4 against Libya’s obligations under international law and finds that it led to violations of the right to property for which redress still remains outstanding today. Noting also the extensive violations of property rights and displacement in Libya due to civil conflict since 2011, as well as previous ineffective efforts at transitional justice, the article argues for a new concerted attempt at a comprehensive property claims mechanism applying the Pinheiro Principles and complementary international instruments within a broad-ranging transitional justice process. More broadly, Libya’s experience lends weight to calls for encapsulating the right to real property in multilateral treaty form

Bistriopelma, un género nuevo con dos nuevas especies de Perú (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Theraphosinae)

Bistriopelma gen. nov. from the Andean region in Peru is here described, diagnosed and illustrated, together with two new species Bistriopelma lamasi sp. nov. as a type species and Bistriopelma matuskai sp. nov. This new genus differs from all other theraphosid genera, except the genus Phrixotrichus Simon 1889 (sensu Perafán & Pérez-Miles 2014) and the troglobite species Tmesiphantes hypogeus Bertani, Bichuette & Pedroso 2013, in the presence of two abdominal dorsolateral patches of the type III urticating setae. Bistriopelma gen nov. can be distiguished from Phrixotrichus by the different shape of spermathecae in females, consisting of two separate subparallel seminal receptacles in Bistriopelma gen. nov. but strongly divergent in Phrixotrichus and by the different morphology of male palpal bulb (embolus projecting retrolaterally from tegulum in Bistriopelma gen. nov. against posteriorly in Phrixotrichus); furthermore by the presence of basal spine on prolateral tibial apophysis, the absence of the type IV urticating setae and paired tarsal claws denticulate. Bistriopelma gen. nov. is separated from Tmesiphantes hypogeus by the position of the urticating seta patches (middle of abdomen in Bistriopelma gen. nov. and posterior half in Tmesiphantes hypogeus), the different shape of spermathecae (long separate seminal receptacles with subapical constriction in Bistriopelma gen. nov. and short, subtriangular and widely separated in Tmesiphantes hypogeus) and also in the extension of metatarsal scopulae. Additional comments and a distribution map of all species of this genus are provided.Se describe, diagnostica e ilustra Bistriopelma gen. nov. de la región andina de Perú, con dos nuevas especies Bistriopelma lamasi sp. nov., especie tipo, y Bistriopelma matuskai sp. nov. Este género nuevo se diferencia del resto de arañas terafosidas, excepto el género Phrixotrichus Simon 1889 (sensu Perafán & Pérez-Miles 2014) y la especie cavernícola Tmesiphantes hypogeus Bertani, Bichuette & Pedroso 2013, en la presencia de dos manchas abdominales dorsolaterales de las setas urticantes de tipo III. Bistriopelma gen nov. se diferencia de Phrixotrichus en la morfología de la espermateca, estando compuesta en Bistriopelma gen. nov. de dos receptaculos seminales separados y subparalelos pero considerablemente divergentes en Phrixotrichus, en la morfología de los bulbos pedipalpales de machos (émbolo proyectándose retrolateralmente del tegulum en Bistriopelma gen. nov. contra posteriormente en Phrixotrichus); además en la presencia de la espina basal en la apófisis tibial prolateral, en la ausencia de las setas urticantes de tipo IV y en las uñas tarsales con dientes. Se diferencia de Tmesiphantes hypogeus en la posición de los parches de las setas urticantes (centro del abdomen en Bistriopelma gen. nov. y parte posterior en Tmesiphantes hypogeus), en la morfología de las espermatecas (receptáculos seminales prolongados y separados, subapicalmente estrechados en Bistriopelma gen. nov. y cortos, subtriangulares y considerablemente separados en Tmesiphantes hypogeus) y también en la extensión de las escopulas metatarsales. Se presentan comentarios adicionales y el mapa de distribucion de todas las especies de este género