Electrochemical Behavior of Chemical Vapor Deposited Protective Aluminum Oxide Coatings on Ti6242 Titanium Alloy

The electrochemical behavior at room temperature in a neutral sodium chloride aqueous solution of four types of metallorganic chemical vapor deposited aluminum oxide coatings on commercial Ti6242 titanium alloy was investigated. Polarization and electrochemical impedance curves revealed that porosity free, amorphous alumina coatings provide a two order of magnitude improvement of the corrosion resistance with regard to the bare alloy. Crystallized alumina as well as amorphous AlO(OH) only slightly improve the corrosion resistance of Ti6242. It was demonstrated that metallorganic chemical vapor deposition processed amorphous alumina is a highly promising solution to the protection of titanium alloys against corrosion in salt environments

Synthesis of nanostructured materials in nonaqueous solvents

Dans la synthèse des matériaux catalytiques, deux aspects orientent en particulier les recherches actuelles: le contrôle de taille afin d’obtenir des nanoparticules finement divisées et le contrôle précis de la morphologie. Dans cette étude, nous avons utilisé les milieux non aqueux pour élaborer des matériaux catalytiques à base d’oxydes des métaux de transition (Ti, Zr, Mn). Trois méthodologies ont été employées pour la préparation des solides à base de TiO2. La synthèse dans les nitrates fondus dopés avec différents anions permet un boncontrôle des propriétés texturales des matériaux et de la nature des plans cristallins exposés. Les préparations utilisant le nitrate d’ammonium stabilisé avec des molécules organiques azotées conduit à des solides présentant des tailles et des formes de particules variables en fonction de la nature du stabilisateur. Le traitement à reflux dans des solvants organiques polaires conduit à l’obtention des supports TiO2 de grandes surfaces spécifiques. Pour la valorisation catalytique de ces matériaux, deux réactions appliquées au domaine de la photocatalyse ont été employées: la production d’H2 par déshydrogénation du méthanol etl’oxydation photocatalytique de l’acide formique. La réaction modèle de décomposition del’isopropanol a été utilisée comme test de caractérisation des propriétés acido-basiques de nossystèmes. La technique de nitrates fondus a été également appliqué avec succès pourl’obtention en une seule étape des catalyseurs supportés Mn-Zr et Mn-Ti. Ces catalyseursmontrent une excellente activité pour l’oxydation totale de composés organiques volatils(COV).Two major challenges are particularly important for current research in the catalytic materials synthesis: preparation of finely divided particles and control of their shape. In this work we used non aqueous solvents to prepare catalytic materials containing transition metals oxides (Ti, Mn, Zr). Three techniques were applied to prepare TiO2-based solids. Reactions in molten alkali metal nitrates doped with different anions offered good control of textural properties and of the nature of exposed facets of nanocrystalline particles. Synthesis in molten ammonium nitrate stabilized with organic nitrogen-containing compounds provided TiO2 solids with variable size and shape as a function of stabilizer used. The reflux treatment in polar organic solvents leads to titania supports having high specific surface area. Two reactions from the field of photocatalysis were employed to valorize the obtained catalysts: H2 production by methanol dehydrogenation and photocatalytic oxidation of formic acid. Isopropanol decomposition has been used to determine the acid-base properties of the solids. Molten nitrate technique was then successfully applied in order to obtain in one-step highly dispersed Mn-Zr and Mn-Ti supported oxide catalysts. These systems showed excellent activity for the total oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOC)

Synthèse de matériaux nano structurés dans des solvants non aqueux

Two major challenges are particularly important for current research in the catalytic materials synthesis: preparation of finely divided particles and control of their shape. In this work we used non aqueous solvents to prepare catalytic materials containing transition metals oxides (Ti, Mn, Zr). Three techniques were applied to prepare TiO2-based solids. Reactions in molten alkali metal nitrates doped with different anions offered good control of textural properties and of the nature of exposed facets of nanocrystalline particles. Synthesis in molten ammonium nitrate stabilized with organic nitrogen-containing compounds provided TiO2 solids with variable size and shape as a function of stabilizer used. The reflux treatment in polar organic solvents leads to titania supports having high specific surface area. Two reactions from the field of photocatalysis were employed to valorize the obtained catalysts: H2 production by methanol dehydrogenation and photocatalytic oxidation of formic acid. Isopropanol decomposition has been used to determine the acid-base properties of the solids. Molten nitrate technique was then successfully applied in order to obtain in one-step highly dispersed Mn-Zr and Mn-Ti supported oxide catalysts. These systems showed excellent activity for the total oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOC).Dans la synthèse des matériaux catalytiques, deux aspects orientent en particulier les recherches actuelles: le contrôle de taille afin d’obtenir des nanoparticules finement divisées et le contrôle précis de la morphologie. Dans cette étude, nous avons utilisé les milieux non aqueux pour élaborer des matériaux catalytiques à base d’oxydes des métaux de transition (Ti, Zr, Mn). Trois méthodologies ont été employées pour la préparation des solides à base de TiO2. La synthèse dans les nitrates fondus dopés avec différents anions permet un boncontrôle des propriétés texturales des matériaux et de la nature des plans cristallins exposés. Les préparations utilisant le nitrate d’ammonium stabilisé avec des molécules organiques azotées conduit à des solides présentant des tailles et des formes de particules variables en fonction de la nature du stabilisateur. Le traitement à reflux dans des solvants organiques polaires conduit à l’obtention des supports TiO2 de grandes surfaces spécifiques. Pour la valorisation catalytique de ces matériaux, deux réactions appliquées au domaine de la photocatalyse ont été employées: la production d’H2 par déshydrogénation du méthanol etl’oxydation photocatalytique de l’acide formique. La réaction modèle de décomposition del’isopropanol a été utilisée comme test de caractérisation des propriétés acido-basiques de nossystèmes. La technique de nitrates fondus a été également appliqué avec succès pourl’obtention en une seule étape des catalyseurs supportés Mn-Zr et Mn-Ti. Ces catalyseursmontrent une excellente activité pour l’oxydation totale de composés organiques volatils(COV)

Comparison of CuxZnAlO mixed oxide catalysts derived frommulticationic and hybrid LDH precursors for methane total oxidationMonica

International audienceCuxZnAlO mixed oxide catalysts for methane total oxidation have been obtained by thermal activa-tion of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) precursors. LDHs have been prepared following two differentroutes: (i) conventional coprecipitation (pH = 8 or 10) and (ii) hybridation achieved by intercalation ofCu-containing anionic complexes ([Cu-EDTA]2− and [Cu-citrate]−) into host ZnAl-LDH. The mixed oxidecatalysts showed only ZnO phase at Cu < 5 at.% and a mixture of ZnO and CuO phases at higher Cu con-tent. CuO particles differently interacting with the oxide supports were revealed by TPR analysis. Theywere reduced at lower temperature but with a lower H2 consumption in the mixed oxides derived fromthe hybrids suggesting lower accessibility. The activity of the catalysts in the total oxidation of methanestrongly depended on the method of preparation of the LDH precursors and on the Cu content. Cu10ZnAlO (10 at.% Cu) derived from a coprecipitated LDH showed the highest intrinsic activity and a good stabilitysuggesting an optimum dispersion of the copper-containing active species. Among the catalysts derivedfrom the hybrid precursors, the higher activity of the Cu(EDTA)-ZnAl ones may be due to their higher Cucontent. The lower intrinsic activities and higher activation energies of this series of catalysts comparedto the coprecipitated ones may be due to the lower accessibility to the CuO active sites

Modified Catalysts and Their Fractal Properties

Obtaining high-area catalysts is in demand in heterogeneous catalysis as it influences the ratio between the number of active surface sites and the number of total surface sites of the catalysts. From this point of view, fractal theory seems to be a suitable instrument to characterize catalysts&rsquo; surfaces. Moreover, catalysts with higher fractal dimensions will perform better in catalytic reactions. Modifying catalysts to increase their fractal dimension is a constant concern in heterogeneous catalysis. In this paper, scientific results related to oxide catalysts, such as lanthanum cobaltites and ferrites with perovskite structure, and nanoparticle catalysts (such as Pt, Rh, Pt-Cu, etc.) will be reviewed, emphasizing their fractal properties and the influence of their modification on both fractal and catalytic properties. Some of the methods used to compute the fractal dimension of the catalysts (micrograph fractal analysis and the adsorption isotherm method) and the computed fractal dimensions will be presented and discussed

Band-Gap Engineering of Layered Perovskites by Cu Spacer Insertion as Photocatalysts for Depollution Reaction

A multi-step ion-exchange methodology was developed for the fabrication of Cu(LaTa2O7)2 lamellar architectures capable of wastewater depollution. The (001) diffraction line of RbLaTa2O7 depended on the guest species hosted by the starting material. SEM and TEM images confirmed the well-preserved lamellar structure for all intercalated layered perovskites. The UV–Vis, XPS, and photocurrent spectroscopies proved that Cu intercalation induces a red-shift band gap compared to the perovskite host. Moreover, the UV–Vis spectroscopy elucidated the copper ions environment in the Cu-modified layered perovskites. H2-TPR results confirmed that Cu species located on the surface are reduced at a lower temperature while those from the interlayer occur at higher temperature ranges. The photocatalytic degradation of phenol under simulated solar irradiation was used as a model reaction to assess the performances of the studied catalysts. Increased photocatalytic activity was observed for Cu-modified layered perovskites compared to RbLaTa2O7 pristine. This behavior resulted from the efficient separation of photogenerated charge carriers and light absorption induced by copper spacer insertion