Barriers and enablers to the moderation of self-harm content for a young person’s online forum

BACKGROUND: Self-harm amongst young people in the United Kingdom is higher than in other European countries. Young people who self-harm are often reluctant to seek professional help, turning increasingly to the internet for support, including online forums. There are concerns about misinformation or harmful content being shared, potentially leading to self-harm contagion. Moderation of online forums can reduce risks, improving forum safety. Moderation of self-harm content, however, is an under-researched area. AIMS: Using the Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW), this study examines the barriers and enablers to moderation of self-harm content and suggests behaviour change techniques (BCTs) to address barriers. METHOD: Qualitative interviews with 8 moderators (of a total of 16) from the UK’s leading young people’s support service for under 25s, The Mix, were conducted. RESULTS: Thematic analysis identified eleven enablers, four barriers and one both an enabler and a barrier. Barriers included emotional exhaustion, working with partial information, access to timely support, vagueness within the guidelines and influence of community users. BCTs selected included increasing social support through a moderation buddy. CONCLUSIONS: Optimisation strategies focus on increasing the support and level of information available to moderators and could be considered by other organisations providing similar services

Three religious orientations and five personality factors : an exploratory study among adults in England

In order to explore the power of the five factor model of personality to explain individual differences recorded on measures of the three religious orientations, a sample of 198 adults in England completed established measures of the three religious orientations (intrinsic, extrinsic, and quest) and the big five personality factors (neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness). The data demonstrated that individual differences in the three religious orientations were largely independent of the five personality factors, apart from a significant positive correlation between intrinsic religiosity and agreeableness. These findings support Piedmont’s contention that religiosity is largely independent of personality when personality is operationalised in terms of the big five factors

Parents’ perspectives on smartphone acquisition amongst 9- to 12-year-old children in the UK – a behaviour change approach

Smartphone ownership has increased rapidly over the past decade, including amongst children and young people. Evidence is mixed in terms of the impact of smartphones on this population; with a number of benefits cited as well as a large number of risks. Given the pace of change in this area, research is sparse, including research to understand the influences on when children and young people acquire a smartphone. This is important because parents report struggling with deciding when to give their child a smartphone. This qualitative study applies the Behaviour Change Wheel to in-depth interviews, with a diverse sample of 11 parents, to report the barriers and enablers to parents giving children their first smartphone between the ages of 9 and 12 years old. Enablers include aspects of the physical and social environment, such as children starting to walk to school or preparing to move to secondary school, as well as the influence of other parents and children. Parents’ skills are a barrier whilst their beliefs about the consequences of their child owning a smartphone are a mix of barriers and enablers. Recommendations for interventions include age restrictions, regulations, parental training, education and guidance to support parental decision-making

Diverse voices and experiences: Insights from SHL students and instructors in the Midwest

Enrollment in university Spanish heritage language (SHL) program benefits learners via gains in cultural pride, linguistic self-confidence, Latinx college retention rates, and overall personal and academic benefits (e.g., Beaudrie & Ducar, 2005; Holguín Mendoza 2018; Prada & Pascual y Cabo, 2022). Over the past decade the number of SHL programs in U.S. universities has continued to rise, including in regions such as the Midwest without “long-established Spanish-speaking communities” (Beaudrie, 2012). The present study represents the next step in understanding what creates the success of an SHL program comprising of six intermediate and advanced course offerings in a large Midwest university. Pilot data on students in SHL courses in our university in the Midwest showed that students increased their appreciation of linguistic variation, began challenging standard language ideologies, desired the incorporation of culture in the classroom and differentiated in the need to find community in the classroom/city. This study builds on current knowledge of the program’s success by incorporating pre and post surveys at the beginning and end of the semester – which serves to further delineate the extent to which enrollment in the SHL program achieves HL instructor goals through a Critical Language Awareness (CLA) lens (Beaudrie & Wilson, 2022). The methodology was then triangulated by student-only focus groups based on the themes identified in the survey answers. Pre-survey general trends suggest positive experiences in the program, feeling welcome to Spanish variation, translanguaging and self-expression, and appreciation for instructors, and CLA approaches. We predict that post-survey data will demonstrate an array of differences in the progression of student course outcomes related to instructors’ linguistic and pedagogical background. Some implications include the value of instructor training and language ideologies in SHL programs, while also highlighting instructor willingness to empathize to non-pedagogical student needs. Key Words: Spanish Heritage Learners, Instructor training, language ideologies, critical language awareness, dialectal variation, pedagogical goals References Beaudrie, S. M. & Ducar, C. (2005). Beginning level university heritage programs: Creating a space for all heritage language learners. Heritage Language Journal, 3(1), 1-26. Beaudrie, S. (2012). Research on university-based Spanish heritage language programs in the United States: The current state of affairs. In Spanish as a heritage language in the United States: The state of the field (pp. 203-221). Georgetown University Press. Beaudrie, S. M. & Vergara Wilson, D. (2022). Reimagining the goals of HL pedagogy through Critical Language Awareness. In S. Loza & S. M. Beaudrie (Eds.), Heritage Language Teaching. Holguín Mendoza, C. (2018). Critical language awareness (CLA) for Spanish heritage language programs: Implementing a complete curriculum. International Multilingual Research Journal, 12(2), 65-79. Prada, J., & y Cabo, D. P. (2022). Toward an Understanding of the Relationship between Heritage Language Programs and Latinx Student Retention: An Exploratory Case Study. Outcomes of University Spanish Heritage Language Instruction in the United States, 169

Challenging the Clostridium botulinum toxin type A (BoNT/A) with a selection of microorganisms by culture methods and extended storage of used vials to assess the loss of sterility

In 2002, botulinum toxin type A (BoNT/A) was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for cosmetic use. However, there may be procedural differences between the ways in which a clinician handles, applies and stores the product compared to the suggested guidelines of the manufacturer for handling and storage. To this end vials (N = 12) of BoNT/A were tested for the incidence of microbial contamination followed by challenging the product with a selection of microorganisms by culture methods and by using a calcein release assay to contaminate multi-dose vials at the single concentration used for facial aesthetics. A culture, droplet method was used to count microorganisms challenged with the therapeutic product and to compare viability levels in appropriate controls as well as measuring their lytic properties via an existing cell-free system involving calcein release. Counts of test organisms within the droplets, with the product and the controls without the product were undertaken using Image J software. The result from the incidence of in-vial contamination was inconclusive. Bacterial levels between controls and product challenged groups demonstrated no differences in the growth of viable microorganisms following immediate contact (p = ≥ 0.05). The cell-free calcein release assay demonstrated differences at all time points for low levels of lysis in each case with bacterial lipid extract and were statistically significant (p = 0.011). Although these data appear to correlate with the minimum inhibitory concentration, the additives and vial integrity are also likely to contribute to the maintenance of BoNT/A sterility

Born-Digital Preservation: The Art of Archiving Photos With Script and Batch Processing

With our IT department preparing to upgrade the University of Georgia’s Alexander Campbell King Law Library (UGA Law Library) website from Drupal 7 to 8 this fall, a web developer, an archivist, and a librarian teamed up a year ago to make plans for preserving thousands of born-digital images. We wanted to harvest photographs housed only in web-based photo galleries on the law school website and import them into our repository’s collection. The problem? There were five types of online photo galleries, and our current repository did not include appropriate categories for all of the photographs. The solution? Expand our archives photo series structure in Digital Commons, write and run scripts to automate the gathering of image file URLs and basic metadata, and then clean up the spreadsheets to batch load it all into the collection

The Joys and Opportunities of Magazine Publishing

Rachel Barrett: Editor in Chief, Country Living Magazine, Hearst Magazines Jeff Joseph: Publisher & Editorial Director, Luckbox Magazine Jeremy Leslie: Founder & Curator, MagCulture, It\u27s a Mag, Mag World! Jo Packham: Creator/Editor in Chief, & 2018 Magazine Launch of the Year, Where Women Create, Where Women Cook, Where Women Create Work, & What Women Create Magazines Link to Jeff Joseph\u27s presentation Link to Jeremy Leslie\u27s presentation Link to Jo Packham\u27s presentatio

Retention and adherence: global challenges for the long-term care of adolescents and young adults living with HIV

Purpose of review Adolescents living with HIV are the only age group with increasing HIV mortality at a time of global scale-up of access to antiretroviral therapy (ART). As a ‘treat all’ strategy is implemented worldwide, it is critically important to optimize retention and adherence for this vulnerable group. Recent findings Adolescents and young adults living with HIV have poorer outcomes when compared with adults at each stage of the HIV care cascade, irrespective of income setting. Rates of viral suppression are lowest for adolescents living with HIV, and adherence to ART remains an enormous challenge. High-quality studies of interventions to improve linkage to, and retention in, care on suppressive ART are starkly lacking for adolescents and young adults living with HIV across the globe. However, examples of good practice are beginning to emerge but require large-scale implementation studies with outcome data disaggregated by age, route of infection, and income setting, and include young pregnant women and key populations groups. Summary There is an urgent need for evidence-based interventions addressing gaps in the adolescent HIV care cascade, including supporting retention in care and adherence to ART