Character association and path analysis in advanced breeding lines of rabi sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]

The field experiment was carried out using advanced breeding lines of rabi sorghum to study association among the yield and its component traits, direct and indirect effects of traits on the yield. Association studies indicated that seed yield per plot showed significant positive correlation with traits viz., plant height (rp=+0.7243, rg=+0.7409), ear head length (rp=+0.6002, rg=+0.6021), 100 seed weight (rp=+0.1593, rg=+0.1880), fodder yield (rp=+0.9434, rg=+0.9476) and lodging percentage (rp=+0.5263, rg=+0.5646) at both phenotypic and genotypic level.Genotypic correlation was higher magnitude than phenotypic correlation. Revealed increase in ear head length will increase the seed yield. Partitioning of yield and yield components both at phenotypic and genotypic levels into direct and indirect effects revealed that positive direct effects of ear head length (Ppi=+0.2533, Pgi=+0.5241), ear head diameter (Ppi=+0.0669, Pgi=+0.2580), days to maturity (Ppi=+0.0338, Pgi=+0.1193), fodder yield (Ppi=+0.6484, Pgi=+0.7461) were relatively high and followed by less lodging percentage (Ppi=+0.1751, Pgi=+0.2263). Residual effects were Pr=0.1303 and Gr=0.0624 at phenotypic and genotypic levels. Indicating importance of these characters and can be strategically used to improve the seed yield of sorghum

Stability analysis for yield and its attributing traits in advanced breeding lines of rabi sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)

An experiment was carried out involving twenty three advanced breeding lines along with two checks M 35-1 and Muguthi during rabi season 2012-13 at four locations. Observations were recorded on 10 different characters viz., plant height (cm), stem diameter (cm), ear head length (cm), ear head diameter (cm), days to 50 per cent flowering, days to maturity, 100 seed weight (g), fodder yield per plot (kg), seed yield per plot (kg), and lodging percentage. The pooled analysis of variance revealed that mean sum of squares due to genotypes was significant for ear head diameter, days to 50 per cent flowering, days to maturity and fodder yield, indicating presence of considerable amount of variability in the genotypes. The mean sum of square due to environment + (genotypes x environment) was significant for plant height, ear head length (cm), ear head diameter (cm), days to 50 per cent flowering, fodder yield per plot (kg), seed yield per plot (kg), and lodging percentage characters except stem diameter, days to maturity and 100 seed yield. On the basis of stability parameters a four genotypes viz., GS-6 (2364 kg/ha), GS-16 (2454 kg/ha), GS-22(2775 kg/ha) and GS-23(2978 kg/ha) were found most stable over Gulbarga, Raichur, Bellary and Malnoor environments of Hyderabad Karnataka region

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Not AvailableInvestigation of the published data of a field experiment on assessment of damage due to leaf webber (Grapholita critica (Meyr.)Torticidae:Lepidoptera) under seven different sowing periods at weekly intervals between June IV to August II weeks of 2013-14 at Gulbarga (Karnataka) and observations on leaf webber damage recorded on weekly basis between 32 and 42 standard meteorological weeks (SMW) was done to demonstrate appropriate analytical methodology for an improved understanding of seasonal dynamics of G. critica damage and its relation to weather. Approach to analyses included reporting of calendar (SMW) based observations of G. critica damage on crop age basis, one way ANOVA for testing differences in damage levels amongst sowing periods, SMWs and crop age besides description of relations of damage with crop age and weather variables. Seasonal damage levels of G. critica for sowing periods were non-significant but significant (P<0.05) across SMWs and crop age with reduced damage during early and late crop stages irrespective of sowing periods. Seven and four weeks of higher damage and the best fit of polynomial relations of second order in respect of crop age over calendar based periods signified crop stage dependent damage due to G. critica. While MLR revealed significant influence of all weather and crop age variables (R2: 0.79), non-parametric regression revealed that less than 30°C of maximum temperature and greater than 23°C of minimum temperature to be favourable for G. critica damage. Crop age and calendar based observations have their importance for an area wide and field basis management of G. critica respectively.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableInvestigation of the published data of a field experiment on assessment of damage due to leaf webber (Grapholita critica (Meyr.)Torticidae:Lepidoptera) under seven different sowing periods at weekly intervals between June IV to August II weeks of 2013-14 at Gulbarga (Karnataka) and observations on leaf webber damage recorded on weekly basis between 32 and 42 standard meteorological weeks (SMW) was done to demonstrate appropriate analytical methodology for an improved understanding of seasonal dynamics of G. critica damage and its relation to weather. Approach to analyses included reporting of calendar (SMW) based observations of G. critica damage on crop age basis, one way ANOVA for testing differences in damage levels amongst sowing periods, SMWs and crop age besides description of relations of damage with crop age and weather variables. Seasonal damage levels of G. critica for sowing periods were non-significant but significant (P<0.05) across SMWs and crop age with reduced damage during early and late crop stages irrespective of sowing periods. Seven and four weeks of higher damage and the best fit of polynomial relations of second order in respect of crop age over calendar based periods signified crop stage dependent damage due to G. critica. While MLR revealed significant influence of all weather and crop age variables (R2 : 0.79), non-parametric regression revealed that less than 30°C of maximum temperature and greater than 23°C of minimum temperature to be favourable for G. critica damage. Crop age and calendar based observations have their importance for an area wide and field basis management of G. critica respectively.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableInvestigation of the published data of a field experiment on assessment of damage due to leaf webber (Grapholita critica (Meyr.)Torticidae:Lepidoptera) under seven different sowing periods at weekly intervals between June IV to August II weeks of 2013-14 at Gulbarga (Karnataka) and observations on leaf webber damage recorded on weekly basis between 32 and 42 standard meteorological weeks (SMW) was done to demonstrate appropriate analytical methodology for an improved understanding of seasonal dynamics of G. critica damage and its relation to weather. Approach to analyses included reporting of calendar (SMW) based observations of G. critica damage on crop age basis, one way ANOVA for testing differences in damage levels amongst sowing periods, SMWs and crop age besides description of relations of damage with crop age and weather variables. Seasonal damage levels of G. critica for sowing periods were non-significant but significant (P<0.05) across SMWs and crop age with reduced damage during early and late crop stages irrespective of sowing periods. Seven and four weeks of higher damage and the best fit of polynomial relations of second order in respect of crop age over calendar based periods signified crop stage dependent damage due to G. critica. While MLR revealed significant influence of all weather and crop age variables (R2: 0.79), non-parametric regression revealed that less than 30°C of maximum temperature and greater than 23°C of minimum temperature to be favourable for G. critica damage. Crop age and calendar based observations have their importance for an area wide and field basis management of G. critica respectively.Not Availabl

Interactions of fungal entomopathogens with synthetic insecticides for the control of Kuschelorhynchus macadamiae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

This study investigated the interactions between insecticides (acephate and indoxacarb) and fungal entomopathogens (Beauveria bassiana [Bals.-Criv.] Vuill. strain B27, Metarhizium anisopliae [Metschn.] Sorokin strain ECS1, and a commercial B. bassiana product, Velifer® Biological Insecticide) for controlling the macadamia seed weevil, Kuschelorhynchus macadamiae Jennings and Oberprieler, in the laboratory and glasshouse. In the laboratory, additive interactions between insecticides at their full field concentrations (776 mg AI/L of acephate and 75 mg AI/L of indoxacarb) and fungal entomopathogens at 107 conidia/ml (ECS1 and B27) or at full field concentration (0.5 ml of Velifer®/L) were seen at 6 days and 12 days post-application. Under the same experimental conditions, synergistic interactions against K. macadamiae were observed 6 days post-application when fungal entomopathogens at 2.5 × 106 conidia/ml or at 25% of full field concentration (Velifer®) were co-applied with insecticides at 25% of their full field concentrations, whilst additive interactions were again observed at 12 days post-application. In the glasshouse, additive interactions between insecticides (at full field concentrations) and fungal entomopathogens (at 107 conidia/ml, or at full field concentration for Velifer®) were obtained at 6 days and 12 days post-application. The results from this study suggest that acephate and indoxacarb have both synergistic and additive effects against K. macadamiae when deployed together with fungal entomopathogens, depending on the initial concentrations of mixture components. Combined application of entomopathogens with compatible insecticides promises to provide more effective management of K. macadamiae than individual chemical applications