Dengue epidemic in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: virological and epidemiological aspects Epidemia de dengue no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil: aspectos virológicos e epidemiológicos

Laboratorial studies were carried out on 3178 patients with signs and symptoms suggestive of dengue infection from April 1986 to December 1987 in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The epidemic had two peaks following the first virus isolation and affected the inhabitants of 17 counties. Both sex and all age groups were affected. Dengue virus type 1 was isolated from 1039 sera and the number of confirmed cases was increased to 1874 (59%) by MAC-ELISA. Isolation rate confirmed cases reached 80% in the specimens obtained until the 4th day after the onset of disease and viraemia ranged from 10 3.0 to 10(8.5) TCID50/ml.<br>Foram realizados estudos laboratoriais em 3178 pacientes com sinais e sintomas sugestivos de infecção por dengue no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, no período de abril de 1986 a dezembro de 1987. A epidemia apresentou 2 picos e afetou residentes de 17 municípios. Ambos os sexos e todos os grupos etários foram igualmente afetados. Dengue virus tipo 1 foi isolado de 1039 soros e a utilização do MAC-ELISA elevou para 1874 (59%) o número de casos confirmados. Nestes casos, a taxa de isolamento alcançou 80% nos espécimens obtidos até o quarto dia após o início da doença. A magnitude da viremia variou de 10(3.0) a 10 8.0 TCDI50/ml

Modelling non-adiabatic processes using correlated electron-ion dynamics

Here we survey the theory and applications of a family of methods (correlated electron-ion dynamics, or CEID) that can be applied to a diverse range of problems involving the non-adiabatic exchange of energy between electrons and nuclei. The simplest method, which is a paradigm for the others, is Ehrenfest Dynamics. This is applied to radiation damage in metals and the evolution of excited states in conjugated polymers. It is unable to reproduce the correct heating of nuclei by current carrying electrons, so we introduce a moment expansion that allows us to restore the spontaneous emission of phonons. Because of the widespread use of Non-Equilibrium Green's Functions for computing electric currents in nanoscale systems, we present a comparison of this formalism with that of CEID with open boundaries. When there is strong coupling between electrons and nuclei, the moment expansion does not converge. We thus conclude with a reworking of the CEID formalism that converges systematically and in a stable manner. Copyright EDP Sciences, SIF, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2010