EFFECT OF FIRST LOW WAGES’ JOB ON THE SELF-ESTEEM OF PAKISTANI MIDDLE-CLASS FRESH GRADUATES

In Pakistan, the number of educated people at graduate level is quite high but according to that number employments are limited. This causes job dissatisfaction and also abolishes the relationship with the co-workers (Farooq, Ahmad, & Ali, 2008). This study aimed to explore the effect of first low wages’ job on self-esteem of Pakistani fresh graduates in terms of satisfaction level, hope level, productivity and wellbeing using a constructivist grounded theory approach (Charmaz, 2014). In this study qualitative approach is used. For data collection, purposive sampling technique was used along with the semi structured interviewing from local private schools. Four female teachers with an age range of 20- 25 years were the sample of the study. One-to-one interviews with the participants were conducted after taking their permission to participate voluntarily in the research, and tape recording of their interviews for transcription of data. Grounded theory approach was used to analyze collected data as no work has been done in Pakistan in this context and I want to develop theory which will be helpful in employer’s context and working satisfaction. For reliability check, triangulation method was used. The theory of self-esteem grounded here suggested that first low wages’ job for the Pakistani fresh graduates has negative effect on the level of hope and satisfaction whereas their productivity and wellbeing has positive effect on them

Exploring the Impact of Father’s Demise among Female Adolescents

The present study is intended to explore the impact brought about by parental demise among female adolescents. Moreover, examining the societal role, particularly the part played by the family system, after the death of a father and its effect on an adolescent’s life perception. Data was collected through in-depth interviews from 4 adolescents aged between 17-19 years, accumulated by a purposive sampling method and analyzed through interpretative phenomenological analysis. Findings demonstrated that adolescents who encountered the loss of their fathers face numerous problems impacting their emotional, cognitive, and behavioural well-being. The absence of parents brings a drastic change in an entire life affecting their mental health leading to low self-esteem, depression, anxiety as well as emotional sufferings. The major issues highlighted during the study were life disruption, financial crisis, lack of support in terms of both financial and emotional aspects from extended family. Moreover, the family system played a detrimental role in the adversities encountered. Furthermore, participants stressed that children having both parents attained support, attention, emotional bonding, and encountered fewer social, psychological, and emotional issues. They constantly grieved the parental loss and faced a lack of care, that significantly affected their well-being. These findings help in understanding the problems associated with lack of parental bonding in connection with father’s loss, whereas its long-lasting impact spread throughout one's life

Adaptation and validation of substance use risk profile scale (SURP) for Pakistani population

Objective: To adapt, validate and establish psychometric property of the Substance Use Risk Profile scale for Pakistani population. Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted from May to September 2021 in Lahore, Pakistan, and comprised clinical and non-clinical adult patients following the International Test Commission guidelines for the adaptation and validation of the Substance Use Risk Profile scale. A The scale’s factor structure, internal consistency, content validity, face validity and convergent validity were exained. Confirmatory factor analysis, reliability analysis, and data analysis were done using SPSS 25. Results: Of the 485 subjects, 243(50.1%) were non-clinical and 242(49.9%) were clinical subjects. The overall mean age was 4.68+/-2.3 years (range: 19-58 years). The scale had adequate internal consistency, criterion validity, and construct validity with Cronbach’s alphas ranging 0.71-0.95. Conclusion: The Substance Use Risk Profile was found to be a beneficial tool to be employed in research realted to substance use disorder in Pakistan. Key Words: Adaptation, Substance use risk profile scale, Personality, Substance use disorder, Psychometric properties, Confirmatory factor analysis

Exploring the Impact of Father’s Demise among Female Adolescents

The present study is intended to explore the impact brought about by parental demise among female adolescents. Moreover, examining the societal role, particularly the part played by the family system, after the death of a father and its effect on an adolescent’s life perception. Data was collected through in-depth interviews from 4 adolescents aged between 17-19 years, accumulated by a purposive sampling method and analyzed through interpretative phenomenological analysis. Findings demonstrated that adolescents who encountered the loss of their fathers face numerous problems impacting their emotional, cognitive, and behavioural well-being. The absence of parents brings a drastic change in an entire life affecting their mental health leading to low self-esteem, depression, anxiety as well as emotional sufferings. The major issues highlighted during the study were life disruption, financial crisis, lack of support in terms of both financial and emotional aspects from extended family. Moreover, the family system played a detrimental role in the adversities encountered. Furthermore, participants stressed that children having both parents attained support, attention, emotional bonding, and encountered fewer social, psychological, and emotional issues. They constantly grieved the parental loss and faced a lack of care, that significantly affected their well-being. These findings help in understanding the problems associated with lack of parental bonding in connection with father’s loss, whereas its long-lasting impact spread throughout one's life

Prolonged lockdown: psychological risk factors among children and their mental health

The most talked phenomenon and sui generis of the modern time, the coronavirus diseases-2019 impacted individuals in a variety of ways. Older adults had a higher risk of vulnerability, while there were negative ramifications among children due to indirect impact. The preventive measures, including closing down of schools, malls and playgrounds as well as practising social distancing served as a shield against the hazard of outbreak. On the contrary, these strategies inculcated fear, anxiety, ambiguous communication and manifestation of externalizing behaviours in children. Children living in dysfunctional families in underprivileged circumstances were more susceptible to abuse during the pandemic, and had increased risk of behavioural symptomology and psychological morbidities. Challenges brought by the new normal for children requires redefining the role of parenting for effective monitoring and intervention to mitigate the symptoms. Preventive strategies outlined by international scientific communities include reflective listening, debriefing and psychological first aid for effectiv

Role of Endometrial Receptivity Array for Implantation failure in In-Vitro Fertilization & Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection

Background &amp; Objective: Assisted reproductive technique is an evolving field with many recent advances. The success rate is low in developing countries where financial concerns prevail predominantly. This study was designed for the first time in any hospital in Pakistan to determine the role of Endometrial Receptivity Array (ERA) in patients with previous implantation failure to improve pregnancy outcome and to enhance the success rate of in-vitro fertilization &amp; intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI). Methods: This study was carried out at the Lahore Institute of Fertility &amp; Endocrinology, Lahore-Pakistan. A total of 16 patients were recruited after taking written informed consent. Only those patients were selected who had previous one or more implantation failures in IVF/ICSI cycles and had at least 2 or more good quality frozen embryos. RNA was obtained from the endometrial sample to check ERA through 238 genes expressed using RNA sequencing. Beta HcG level and scans were performed to confirm the clinical pregnancy. Results: All enrolled patients had an ERA test and their embryos transferred according to personalized window of implantation (WOI). A total of 5(31.3 %) patients were stimulated with a long protocol while 11 (68.7%) underwent a short protocol. &nbsp;WOI was receptive in 12 (75%) patients, pre-receptive in 3 (18.2%) and post-receptive in 1 (6.2%), and most of patients showed receptivity at P5 (109-145 hours). Twelve patients (75%) had clinical pregnancy evident by positive beta HCG after embryo transfer. A significant association was found between WOI and receptivity (P&lt;0.05). Conclusion: The results of ERA in our study seem promising especially in our patients with previous one or more implantation failures. Although we have limited number of patients keeping in mind its financial constraints especially in developing countries, still ERA is considered a way of hope especially for those patients who have previous implantation failures. &nbsp;</p

A novel single nucleotide polymorphism in exon 3 of MYOC enhances the risk of glaucoma.

Genetic polymorphismsof MYOCalter the myocilin protein,which leads to disruption of thenormal regulation of intraocular pressure (IOP) that ultimately causes glaucoma.Theaim of the present study was to identify the polymorphism in exon 3 of the MYOC gene of theglaucoma patients in Lahore, Pakistan. We conducted a case-control study with 100 patients and 100 controls subjects. We extracted DNA from blood samples,amplified the target DNA fragmentby PCR, and identifiedpolymorphisms through sequencing. We observed that the allelic and genotypic frequencies of rs74315341 and rs879255525 were associated with glaucoma in our patient population. The polymorphism atrs74315341 led to the substitutionof serine for arginine,whereas the polymorphism at rs879255525 led to the substitution ofasparagine for lysine. The haplotype TGAAGCCATTTC was associated with disease onset, whereas the haplotype GGAAGCCATTTC was protective against disease development. In conclusion, weidentified MYOC gene polymorphisms in susceptible regions that were associated withglaucoma onset among the Lahore patient population.This is the first report to identify a novel mutation in rs879255525 in exon 3 of the MYOC genethat is associated withglaucoma

Layer-By-Layer (LBL) hybrid MOF coating for graphene-based multilayer composite: Synthesis and application as anode for lithium ion batteries

The hybrid anodic materials with high porosity and low charge resistance exhibit high specific capacity and stable cyclic stability for lithium ion battery (LIBs). For this purpose, three-dimensional hollow material, metal organic framework (MOF-199) was coated over the active surface of oxidized derivative of graphene (Graphene oxide, GO), via layer-by-layer (LBL) coating method. Cupric acetate and benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid [Cu3(BTC)2], were alternatively coated on the active surface of GO as an anode material, to enhance the structural diversity and reduce the synergistic effect of insertion and extraction of Li+ ions for LIBs. Sharp absorption peaks from 1620 cm−1 to 1360 cm−1 and intense ring bends ∼1000 cm−1 was identified through FTIR. Powder XRD provides the evidence for size reduction of Cu3(BTC)2@GO composite (32.6 nm) comparative to GO (43.7 nm). Outcome of EIS analysis shows the charge transfer resistance of simple GO is 2410 Ω, which is 4 times higher than Rct of Cu3(BTC)2@GO composite (590 Ω). Similarly the Warburg impedance co-efficient for simple GO (448.8 Ωs−1/2) is also higher than Aw of Cu3(BTC)2@GO composite (77.64 Ωs−1/2). The synthesized material show high initial charge/discharge capacity, 1200/1420 mAh/g with 85% Coulombic efficiency and reversible discharge capacity, 1296 mAh/g after 100 cycles at 100 mA/g current density. The 98.9% Coulombic efficiency and 91% retaining capacity of composite at 100th cycle with cyclic stability, provides the phenomenon approach towards the rechargeable LIBs for industrial technology

Genetic frequency distribution.

<p>Genetic frequency distribution.</p

A novel single nucleotide polymorphism in exon 3 of <i>MYOC</i> enhances the risk of glaucoma - Fig 1

<p>(a,b). Location and map of LDofSNPs onchromosome 1. The SNP numbers are represented at the top of the haploview. The pair-wise LD coefficient (r²) is presented at the top, and LD^* = D’.</p