An Investigation of Singular Lagrangians as Field Systems

The link between the treatment of singular lagrangians as field systems and the general approch is studied. It is shown that singular Lagrangians as field systems are always in exact agreement with the general approch. Two examples and the singular Lagrangian with zero rank Hessian matrix are studied. The equations of motion in the field systems are equivalent to the equations which contain accleration, and the constraints are equivalent to the equations which do not contain acceleration in the general approch treatment.Comment: 10 Pages, Latex, no Figure

Effect of treatment of depression and anxiety on physiological state of severe COPD patients

AbstractBackgroundAnxiety and depression are mental health problems that result in reduced health-related quality of life (HRQL), and increased mortality. Patients with COPD have a higher risk of anxiety and depression compared to healthy individuals. Recent studies reported a significant relationship between the presence of anxiety and depression and the functional status of COPD patients.ObjectivesTo study the effect of treatment of anxiety and depression on the physiological status in COPD patients.Materials and methodsThe study included 50 severe COPD patients with depression and/or anxiety as evaluated and scored by Montgomery and Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and Hamilton Anxiety Rating (HAM-A) Scale. They were classified into 2 groups: group I included 25 patients who received antidepressant/anxiolytic therapy in addition to COPD treatment and group II included 25 patients who received COPD treatment only. Modified Borg scale dyspnea score, spirometry (vital capacity, forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in first second and forced expiratory flow through 25–75% of expiration), arterial blood, MADRS and HAM-A scale were assessed in all patients at the start of the study and after 3months.ResultsPatients with severe COPD who were treated for depression and/or anxiety showed a significant improvement in MADRS, HAM-A and dyspnea scales, spirometeric parameters and oxygenation. MADRS and HAM-A scale showed a significant negative correlation to FEV1.ConclusionTreatment of depression and anxiety in COPD patients is recommended as it is associated with a significant improvement in pulmonary physiological status and HRQL. Further studies on larger scales are recommended

Hamiltonian formulation of systems with linear velocities within Riemann-Liouville fractional derivatives

The link between the treatments of constrained systems with fractional derivatives by using both Hamiltonian and Lagrangian formulations is studied. It is shown that both treatments for systems with linear velocities are equivalent.Comment: 10 page

Hamilton-Jacobi quantization of singular Lagrangians with linear velocities

In this paper, constrained Hamiltonian systems with linear velocities are investigated by using the Hamilton-Jacobi method. We shall consider the integrablity conditions on the equations of motion and the action function as well in order to obtain the path integral quantization of singular Lagrangians with linear velocities.Comment: late

Solving conformable Gegenbauer differential equation and exploring its generating function

In this manuscript, we address the resolution of conformable Gegenbauer differential equations. We demonstrate that our solution aligns precisely with the results obtained through the power series approach. Furthermore, we delve into the investigation and validation of various properties and recursive relationships associated with Gegenbauer functions. Additionally, we introduce and substantiate the conformable Rodriguez's formula and generating functio

Analysis of correction methods for ships' measured speed during sea trials

For all new ships sea trials should be carried out as a part of the delivery from the yard to the ship owner. An important part of the delivery sea trial is to determine the speed capability of the ship in the contractual condition, which is traditionally deep, calm water and no wind, at some specified loading condition. However, it is seldom possible to perform this particular test under such conditions, and when the test is done in other conditions, the result is corrected back to the contractual condition. The correction can be of a significant magnitude. The correction procedure can be influenced by different parameters such as wind resistance, shallow water effect, sea currents and added resistance due to diffraction. There are different experimental methods for correction of measured speed. Since the latter parameter is the most important between others, in this article added resistance due to diffraction has been calculated for three ships using existing methods and comparisoned with the speed correction result of shipbuilder company (Hyundai Heavy Industries). The results show considerable deviation between HHI sea trial speed correction method and other methods. So HHI added resistance calculation method needs to be revised