An ortho­rhom­bic polymorph of pyrazino­[2,3-f][1,10]phenanthroline-2,3-dicarbonitrile

The title compound, C16H6N6, is a polymorph of the previously reported structure [Kozlov & Goldberg (2008 ▶). Acta Cryst. C64, o498–o501]. Unlike the previously reported monoclinic polymorph (space group P21/c, Z = 8), the title compound reveals ortho­rhom­bic symmetry (space group Pnma, Z = 4). The mol­ecule shows crystallographic mirror symmetry, while the previously reported structure exhibits two independent mol­ecules per asymmetric unit. In the title compound, adjacent mol­ecules are essentially parallel along the c axis and tend to be vertical along the b axis with dihedral angles of 72.02 (6)°. However, in the reported polymorph, the entire crystal structure shows an anti­parallel arrangement of adjacent columns related by inversion centers and the two independent mol­ecules are nearly parallel with a dihedral angle of 2.48 (6)°

Market District 24/7 Vienna: Re-imagining markets as places of circular thinking, care and transaction

The city of Vienna is growing rapidly, soon reaching 2 million inhabitants. The need to re-think the challenges and opportunities of markets in urban environments on neighbourhood scale has become exposed during the pandemic linked to climate crisis. The Studio suggest a redefinition in purpose, time and program, to deliver prototypes of innovative market environments as spaces of transaction, learning, health, care, and social-environmental infrastructure. The emergence of alternative economies, the integration of diverse cultures, communication forms, and opportunities for migrants and citizens suggest the activation of sustainable circular economies, temporary and permanent responses, as well as new forms of exchange and cooperation. In collaboration with the District Mayor, Sascha Obrecht and MAK (Museum fur Angewandte Kunst), this year's Biennale for Change on Climate Care, we will re-design the Viktor Adler Markt in Favoriten, the largest arrival district in Vienna.Existing and new sub-systems, socio-ecological networks, and relationships, as well as cultural territories, are linked, intensified, and further developed anticipating growth and change over time. The district 24/7 is an Urban Action Prototyping Studio that is rooted in the multi-scalar socio-cultural territories and realities of neighborhood markets Vienna. Using the Victor Adler Markt in Favoriten (one of the most densely populated and culturally diverse districts) as a project site, the studio seeks to redefine a multi-scalar social and environmental agenda for existing markets into prototypical urban infrastructures of care and transaction, that incorporate circular economies, digital and analog lifestyles

Climate Corridors Sarajevo: Shaping water into public places of inclusion

Sarajevo´s culture is as diverse as its rich architecture and history of urbanization. Located on the Balkan Route, a crossroads between north and south, east and west, the city confronts us with one of the highest pollution levels of air, soil water, of any capital city in Europe. The watershed of the Miljacka River, wells, fountains, retention infrastructures, and flood plains are our point of departure. They have the potential to unlock socio-ecological systems, multifunctional corridors, and catalytic projects, that can transform fragmented neighborhoods, offering a living system of public water-places to the inhabitants. At the intersection of architecture, landscape, and public art, the studio envisions trans-scalar processes and interventions, addressing the cities social and ecological crisis, in support of the Sarajevo Cantonal Planning Office, applying a systemic design methodology, and responding to the urgent need for concrete projects and Climate Action. Policy recommendations and general advice for upscaling such prototypical concepts are already successful in other cities globally and apply to the Sarajevo-Case

Production of Chemically Modified Bio-Based Wood Adhesive from <i>Camote</i> and Cassava Peels

Adhesives are significant for manufacturing competent, light, and sturdy goods in various industries. Adhesives are an important part of the modern manufacturing landscape because of their versatility, cost-effectiveness, and ability to enhance product performance. Formaldehyde and polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate (PMDI) are conventional adhesives utilized in wood applications and have been classified as carcinogenic, toxic, and unsustainable. Given the adverse environmental and health effects associated with synthetic adhesives, there is a growing research interest aimed at developing environmentally friendly bio-based wood adhesives derived from renewable resources. This study aimed to extract starch from camote and cassava peels and focuses on the oxidization of starch derived from camote and cassava peels using sodium hypochlorite to create bio-based adhesives. The mean yield of starch extracted from camote and cassava peels was 13.19 ± 0.48% and 18.92 ± 0.15%, respectively, while the mean weight of the oxidized starches was 34.80 g and 45.34 g for camote and cassava, respectively. Various starch ratios sourced from camote and cassava peels were examined in the production of bio-based adhesives. The results indicate that the 40:60 camote to cassava ratio yielded the highest solid content, while the 80:20 ratio resulted in the best viscosity. Furthermore, the 40:60 ratio produced the most favorable particle board in terms of mechanical properties, density, thickness, swelling, and water absorption. Consequently, the starch extracted from camote and cassava peels holds promise as a potential source for bio-based adhesives following appropriate chemical modification