Cumulative risk assessment of the exposure to organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides in the dutch diet

We report the acute cumulative exposure to organophosphorus insecticides (OPs) and carbamates in the Dutch population and young children (1-6 years) via the diet. Residue data were derived from Dutch monitoring programmes performed during 2003-2005, and food consumption levels from the Dutch National Food Consumption Survey 1997/1998. The relative potency factor (RPF) approach was used to cumulate the exposure to OPs and carbamates using acephate and oxamyl as index compound respectively. The exposure was estimated using the probabilistic approach, including unit variability and processing effects. We demonstrate that about 3% of the composite samples analysed for OPs and 0.2% for carbamates contain combinations of these pesticides. The P99.9 of exposure to OPs and carbamates in the total Dutch population equals 23 and 0.64mug/kg BW/d respectively. For young children the corresponding exposure levels are 57 and 1.47mug/kg BW/d. When comparing the P99.9 of exposure with the ARfD, 50 and 9mug/kg BW/d for acephate and oxamyl respectively, there is only a possible health risk for young children. Spinach contributed most to the exposure to OPs in both age groups, followed by orange and mandarin. For carbamates apple (sauce) was the main product determining the exposure

Effect of Arterially Infused Catecholamines and Insulin on Plasma-Glucose and Free Fatty-Acids in Carp

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Substrate mobilization and hormonal changes in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, L) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio, L) during deep hypoxia and subsequent recovery

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Trends in normoverschrijdingen, overschrijdingen van de acute refentiewaarde en gesommeerde blootstelling

Dit rapport beschrijft de resultaten van een tussentijdse evaluatie van de mate van realisatie van de doelstellingen ten aanzien van voedselveiligheid zoals geformuleerd in de nota Duurzame gewasbescherming. Beschreven wordt hoe de conclusies tot stand gekomen zijn en dit document geeft een gedetailleerd overzicht van nationale en internationale wetgeving ten aanzien van het vaststellen van residunormen, ook wel aangeduid als Maximum Residu Limiet (MRL). Tevens wordt beschreven hoe de relatie tussen normstelling, die altijd betrekking heeft op één voedingsmiddel en één bestrijdingsmiddel, en voedselveiligheid het beste geïnterpreteerd kan worde