Rare predicted loss-of-function variants of type I IFN immunity genes are associated with life-threatening COVID-19

Background: We previously reported that impaired type I IFN activity, due to inborn errors of TLR3- and TLR7-dependent type I interferon (IFN) immunity or to autoantibodies against type I IFN, account for 15–20% of cases of life-threatening COVID-19 in unvaccinated patients. Therefore, the determinants of life-threatening COVID-19 remain to be identified in ~ 80% of cases. Methods: We report here a genome-wide rare variant burden association analysis in 3269 unvaccinated patients with life-threatening COVID-19, and 1373 unvaccinated SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals without pneumonia. Among the 928 patients tested for autoantibodies against type I IFN, a quarter (234) were positive and were excluded. Results: No gene reached genome-wide significance. Under a recessive model, the most significant gene with at-risk variants was TLR7, with an OR of 27.68 (95%CI 1.5–528.7, P = 1.1 × 10−4) for biochemically loss-of-function (bLOF) variants. We replicated the enrichment in rare predicted LOF (pLOF) variants at 13 influenza susceptibility loci involved in TLR3-dependent type I IFN immunity (OR = 3.70[95%CI 1.3–8.2], P = 2.1 × 10−4). This enrichment was further strengthened by (1) adding the recently reported TYK2 and TLR7 COVID-19 loci, particularly under a recessive model (OR = 19.65[95%CI 2.1–2635.4], P = 3.4 × 10−3), and (2) considering as pLOF branchpoint variants with potentially strong impacts on splicing among the 15 loci (OR = 4.40[9%CI 2.3–8.4], P = 7.7 × 10−8). Finally, the patients with pLOF/bLOF variants at these 15 loci were significantly younger (mean age [SD] = 43.3 [20.3] years) than the other patients (56.0 [17.3] years; P = 1.68 × 10−5). Conclusions: Rare variants of TLR3- and TLR7-dependent type I IFN immunity genes can underlie life-threatening COVID-19, particularly with recessive inheritance, in patients under 60 years old

Evaluation of Highly Nucleophilic pyridines and Characterization of Chiral π-conjugated systems

International audienc

Synthesis and evaluation of highly nucleophilic pyridines

International audienc

Synthesis of New Enantiopure Receptors Family for Selective Recognition of Chiral Anions in Aqueous media

International audienc

Nouveaux analogues de la DMAP (synthèse et réactivité)

Les catalyseurs qui agissent comme bases de Lewis font l objet d un intérêt croissant du fait de leur capacité à promouvoir un grand nombre de transformations en synthèse organique. Plus précisément, depuis sa découverte à la fin des années 1960, la 4-(diméthylamino)pyridine (DMAP) a fait l objet de nombreuses études et a été introduite pour accélérer la vitesse de diverses réactions dont l acylation d alcools tertiaires. La réactivité de ce dérivé se heurte parfois à des substrats particulièrement peu actifs conduisant à une conversion très lente en produits de réactions. Nous nous sommes intéressés dans un premier temps à la synthèse de triaminopyridines tricycliques, analogues puissant de la DMAP et à l étude de leurs réactivités par la détermination des paramètres cinétiques de nucléophilicité N et thermodynamiques de basicité de Lewis. Dans un deuxième temps, nous avons préparé une nouvelle classe de dérivés chiraux de la DMAP dont la structure est incluse dans un squelette paracyclophanique. Parallèlement à ces travaux, nous avons utilisé la DMAP comme nouvelle sonde nucléophile qui a permis de comparer la réactivité d ions aziridinium et azétidinium, en mesurant leur vitesse d ouverture par spectrophotométrie UV-visible et RMN 1H. Finalement, la dernière partie de ces travaux de thèse a porté sur la conception et la synthèse de cages organocatalytiques. Ce type de dérivé pourrait encapsuler des substrats au sein de sa cavité et promouvoir des réactions chimiques de la même manière que les enzymes tout en s affranchissant des problèmes d utilisation de celles-ci tels qu une stabilité limitée sous certaines conditions opératoires.Catalysts which act as Lewis bases show a growing interest because of their capacity to promote a significant number of transformations in organic synthesis. Specifically, since its discover at the end of the 1960 s, 4-(dimethylamino)pyridin (DMAP) has been studied and introduced to accelerate the rate of several reactions such as the acylation of tertiary alcohols. The reactivity of this derivative is sometimes limited with deactivated substrates leading to a very slow conversion in products. First, we were interested on the synthesis of tricyclic triaminopyridins, strong analogs of DMAP and their reactivity was studied with the determinations of kinetic N and Lewis parameters thermodynamic basicity. Secondly, we prepared a new class of chiral DMAP derivatives, the structure of which is included in a paracyclophanic backbone. In parallel to this work, we developed a new nucleophilic probe which was involved in the comparison of the reactivity of aziridinium and azetidinium towards nucleophiles, by measuring their ring opening rates by UV-visible and RMN 1H spectrophotometry. Finally, the last part of this pH.D. work was about the design and the synthesis of organocatalytic cages. This kind of derivatives would encapsultate substrates within its cavity to promote chemical reactions like enzymes do, while avoiding their difficulties of use such as a limited stability under certain protocols.VERSAILLES-BU Sciences et IUT (786462101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Development of a Magnesium (II) Mediated Intramolecular Catalytic Asymmetric Alkylation

International audienc

New enantiopure receptors family for selective recognition of chiral anions in aqueous media

International audienc

Synthesis, chiral resolution and characterization of a new tribenzotriquinacene-based molecular cage

International audienc

Enantioselective complexation of Chiral Epoxide Derivatives by an Enantiopure Cryptophane in Water.

International audienc

Synthesis, chiral resolution and characterization of a new tribenzotriquinacene-based molecular cage

International audienc