An X-ray and radio study of the cluster A 2717

We present an X-ray, radio and optical study of the cluster A 2717. The central D galaxy is associated with aWide- Angled-Tailed (WAT) radio source. A Rosat PSPC observation of the cluster shows that the cluster has a well constrained temperature of 1.9+0.3 −0.2 × 107 K. The pressure of the intracluster medium was found to be comparable to the mininum pressure of the radio source suggesting that the tails may in fact be in equipartition with the surrounding hot gas

Numerical Study of the Near-Field and Far-Field Properties of Active Open Cylindrical Coated Nanoparticle Antennas

A very electrically small, active open cylindrical coated nanoparticle model is constructed, and its electromagnetic properties are investigated in the visible frequency band. Its optical response under both planewave and electric dipole antenna excitations shows very strong dipole behavior at its lowest resonance frequency. The scattering cross section at that dipole resonance frequency is increased by more than +50 dBsm for the planewave excitation. When the open structure is excited by a small current (I0 = 1 × 10−3 A) driven dipole antenna, the maximum radiated power of the composite nanoantenna can be increased by +83.35 dB over its value obtained when the dipole antenna radiates alone in free space. The behaviors under various locations and orientations of the dipole are explored. Dipole orientations along the cylinder axis and symmetric locations of the dipole produced the largest radiated power enhancements. © 2011, IEEE. All rights reserved

Detailed performance characteristics of vertically polarized, cylindrical, active coated nano-particle antennas

The electromagnetic properties of active cylindrical coated nano-particle antennas are investigated. It is demonstrated that the active cylindrical coated nano-particle, whether illuminated by a plane wave or an electric Hertzian dipole (EHD) (small current) element, acts as a strong dipole radiator at its resonant frequency. It is shown that the plane wave scattering cross section could be increased by about 40 dBsm, and the maximum peak of the power radiated by an EHD element could be increased more than 65 dB in the presence of the active nano-particle over its value when radiating into free space. An array, constructed with four active cylindrical coated nano-particles and excited by an EHD element located at or near its center is also studied. Large directivity values, more than 8 dB, are obtained for particular array configurations and EHD locations. © 2012 by the American Geophysical Union

A method to widen the scattering bandwidth of closed cylindrical active coated nano particles

Plane wave scattering from two closely spaced, closed cylindrical active coated nano particles (CNPs), which have slightly different resonance frequencies, is studied numerically. Although the distance between them is only 0.4λ, the scattering cross-section(SCS) background value of this two-CNP system is increased 5dB when r2 = 15.1 nm and the 3dB SCS bandwidth is 599.95THz-600.1THz, which is a substantially wider working bandwidth near the SCS peak than the one associated with either single CNP, i.e. 600.01THz-600.1THz. © 2013 IEEE

Photoluminescence revealed higher order plasmonic resonance modes and their unexpected frequency blue shifts in silver-coated silica nanoparticle antennas

© 2019 by the authors. Higher order plasmonic resonance modes and their frequency blue shifts in silver-coated silica nanoparticle antennas are studied. Synthesizing them with a wet chemistry method, silica (SiO2) nanoparticles were enclosed within silver shells with different thicknesses. A size-dependent Drude model was used to model the plasmonic shells and their optical losses. Two higher order plasmonic resonances were identified for each case in these simulations. The photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL) experimental results, in good agreement with their simulated values, confirmed the presence of those two higher order resonant modes and their resonance frequencies. When compared with pure metallic Ag nanoparticles, size-induced blue shifts were observed in these resonance frequencies

Brain resting-state functional MRI connectivity: Morphological foundation and plasticity

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Robust Digital Holography For Ultracold Atom Trapping

We have formulated and experimentally demonstrated an improved algorithm for design of arbitrary two-dimensional holographic traps for ultracold atoms. Our method builds on the best previously available algorithm, MRAF, and improves on it in two ways. First, it allows for creation of holographic atom traps with a well defined background potential. Second, we experimentally show that for creating trapping potentials free of fringing artifacts it is important to go beyond the Fourier approximation in modelling light propagation. To this end, we incorporate full Helmholtz propagation into our calculations.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figure

PiracyAnalyzer: Spatial temporal patterns analysis of global piracy incidents

Maritime piracy incidents present significant threats to maritime security, resulting in material damages and jeopardizing the safety of crews. Despite the scope of the issue, existing research has not adequately explored the diverse risks and theoretical implications involved. To fill that gap, this paper aims to develop a comprehensive framework for analyzing global piracy incidents. The framework assesses risk levels and identifies patterns from spatial, temporal, and spatio-temporal dimensions, which facilitates the development of informed anti-piracy policy decisions. Firstly, the paper introduces a novel risk assessment mechanism for piracy incidents and constructs a dataset encompassing 3,716 recorded incidents from 2010 to 2021. Secondly, this study has developed a visualization and analysis framework capable of examining piracy incidents through the identification of clusters, outliers, and hot spots. Thirdly, a number of experiments are conducted on the constructed dataset to scrutinize current spatial-temporal patterns of piracy accidents. In experiments, we analyze the current trends in piracy incidents on temporal, spatial, and spatio-temporal dimensions to provide a detailed examination of piracy incidents. The paper contributes new understandings of piracy distribution and patterns, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of anti-piracy measures

Diagnostic Accuracy of Adenosine Deaminase and Lymphocyte Proportion in Pleural Fluid for Tuberculous Pleurisy in Different Prevalence Scenarios

BACKGROUND: Tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE) is a paucibacillary manifestation of tuberculosis, so isolation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is difficult, biomarkers being an alternative for diagnosis. Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is the most cost-effective pleural fluid marker and is routinely used in high prevalence settings, whereas its value is questioned in areas with low prevalence. The lymphocyte proportion (LP) is known to increase the specificity of ADA for this diagnosis. We analyse the diagnostic usefulness of ADA alone and the combination of ADA ≥ 40 U/l (ADA(40)) and LP ≥ 50% (LP(50)) in three different prevalence scenarios over 11 years in our area. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Biochemistry, cytology and microbiology studies from 472 consecutive pleural fluid samples were retrospectively analyzed. ADA and differential cell count were determined in all samples. We established three different prevalence periods, based on percentage of pleural effusion cases diagnosed as tuberculosis: 1998-2000 (31.3%), 2001-2004 (11.8%), and 2005-2008 (7.4%). ROC curves, dispersion diagrams and pre/post-test probability graphs were produced. TPE accounted for 73 episodes (mean prevalence: 15.5%). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) for ADA(40) were 89%, 92.7%, 69.2% and 97.9%, respectively. For ADA(40)+LP(50) the specificity and PPV increased (98.3% and 90%) with hardly any decrease in the sensitivity or NPV (86.3% and 97.5%). No relevant differences were observed between the three study periods. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: ADA remains useful for the diagnosis of TPE even in low-to-intermediate prevalence scenarios when combined with the lymphocyte proportion

HIV envelope trimer-elicited autologous neutralizing antibodies bind a region overlapping the N332 glycan supersite

To date, immunization studies of rabbits with the BG505 SOSIP.664 HIV envelope glycoprotein trimers have revealed the 241/289 glycan hole as the dominant neutralizing antibody epitope. Here, we isolated monoclonal antibodies from a rabbit that did not exhibit glycan hole–dependent autologous serum neutralization. The antibodies did not compete with a previously isolated glycan hole–specific antibody but did compete with N332 glycan supersite broadly neutralizing antibodies. A 3.5-Å cryoEM structure of one of the antibodies in complex with the BG505 SOSIP.v5.2 trimer demonstrated that while the epitope recognized overlapped the N332 glycan supersite by contacting the GDIR motif at the base of V3, primary contacts were located in the variable V1 loop. These data suggest that strain-specific responses to V1 may interfere with broadly neutralizing responses to the N332 glycan supersite and vaccine immunogens may require engineering to minimize these off-target responses or steer them toward a more desirable pathway